Analysis Of The Book The Iliad Essay - 1648 Words

Book 1: If I was a character in the Iliad, I would refuse to fight in this war. I don’t understand how there is not more discontent among the lower hierarchy of the army. I would not see the point of fighting simply to retrieve Menelaus’s ex-wife Helen; is it really worth giving up all of their lives to get her back? I understand that they were also concerned with heroism and honor, but to me fighting over such a simple disagreement doesn’t make much sense. That aspect, along with the inclusion of the gods makes the Iliad seem more fictional than historical I don’t like how the gods are so heavily involved because it really complicates all the conflict. For example, Athena intervened when Achilles becomes enraged and is ready to kill Agamemnon, which could have ended the war. Book 2: I was wondering, is it morally right for the gods to interfere with this fight - like Zeus sending the fake dream to Agamemnon, when they have no consequences because of their immortality? What exactly are the boundaries of their interference? I connected Nestor to Hannibal, the Carthaginian military commanded who sent his army over the Alps to try and take Italy by surprise. Both too, tried to take over cities: Hannibal, Rome and Nestor, Troy. Furthermore, they were both heavily armed; with Nestor’s 90 ships and Hannibal s contingent of war elephants. Book 3: I felt like this book really introduced me to the Trojan forces, whereas the earlier books focused on the Archaeans. I really hatedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Iliad 965 Words   |  4 PagesSing, goddess, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus and its devastation, which put pains thousandfold upon the Achains,† (page 76 lines 1-7)This quote comes Richard Lattimore’s translated version of The Iliad, it tells the reader that Achilles is a man who is capable of great anger, anger that will kill thousands and bring much suffering. You wouldn’t think that a man like that would be able to feel anything but that anger, but in Christopher Logue’s War Music we see, â€Å"a naked man run with what seemsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Iliad Essay2279 Words   |  10 PagesThe first book of the Iliad begins with the beginning of Achilles’ rage, the rage that will eventually cause his own people so much grief and is also the force for Homer’s version of the story of the Trojan War. Whereas the taking of Helen is the focus of the larger, traditional story, the feud between Agamemnon and the hero Achilles over a kidnapped girl defines the Iliad. Both feature a conflict over a woman, Helen and Chryses’ daughter, and a need for resolution as well as a breach of social contract:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book 12 Of The Iliad 894 Words   |  4 PagesHis True Nature Following the demise of Troy, the Achaean’s mighty fortification is destined to fall not by mere mortal strength, but rather, the selfish act of divine intervention. In Book 12 of the Iliad, Homer’s narration is centralized around the Greek’s mighty fortifications, the fortress that agitates the gods. The author begins the story by describing Zeus’s plans to dismantle the Greek rampart. The author makes the god’s plan manifest when Hector chastises Polydamas for his foresight andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Six Of The Iliad 1362 Words   |  6 PagesAgency Agency can be defined as willed action that is freely taken after deliberation or action taken having a specific purpose behind it. In book six of the Iliad, Hector deals with the struggle of choosing between his familial duties and his public heroic responsibilities. The outcome of this conflict, presented in the passage from book six of the Iliad, represents an agency that is both purposeful and goal directed towards receiving honor. The fact that Hector leaves behind his beloved familyRead MoreThe Iliad : Greeks And Their Love For War1568 Words   |  7 PagesAffourtit Affourtit.2 February 10th, 2017 CLAS1101 The Iliad: Greeks and Their Love for ‘War’ It has long been a popular scholarly opinion that the Greeks in the Iliad were lovers of war and violence. The Greeks were most definitely primal beasts, and blood shedders, a fact made abundantly clear in the Iliad. However, I think that the Greeks were not lovers of war, furthermore I think this interpretation is shortsighted. The amount of violence in the Iliad seems to be evidence for their love of war, butRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles The Trojan War was more than a series of battles between opposing forces, it was the climax of an age of heroes. The retrieval of Helen brought together many of the mythological characters of that time onto a single stage. Of the thousands of brave men who fought at Ilion, two men stood above the masses, sharing the title of hero. They were born in the line of those on Mt. Olympus, favored by the gods. Excelling in courage and skill, adored by thoseRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 PagesState of Affairs in Homer’s Iliad Existentialism is a philosophy that deals with human existence. This philosophy is a complex subject that asks questions about life that include meaning, purpose, choice, morality, ideology, and individuality. When reading other texts one could easily make connections to existential themes within the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the books that comprise of an abundanceRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad 1382 Words   |  6 PagesRyan Doerhoff History of Greece Dr. Kirkland September 5, 2014 Document Analysis The primary documents that will be focused on in this analysis come from Homer’s Iliad. Homer is venerated today as the greatest of Greek epic poets, as his works had a colossal impact on the history of literature. Through his epics, Homer brings us first hand into the culture of the Greek world in the eighth century B.C. It is important to note that at this time very few had the privilege of an education, and lackedRead MoreHomeric Vs. The Iliad1654 Words   |  7 PagesHomeric View of War in the Iliad Being a milestone for all ancient Greek Literature, the Trojan War was discussed and narrated in many different works, most notably Homer’s epic poem the Iliad. Depicting a classical style of mass battle, Homeric warriors were thus treated equally as fighters, but were disregarded in the text in order to illustrate the sheer power of the heroes and leaders. Every warrior was just another piece of the phalanx, which is why the army was so withstanding of attackRead MoreThe Iliad: Literary Analysis1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iliad: Literary Analysis Throughout The Iliad, an epic poem written by Homer, there were numerous warriors and other characters that could be looked upon as heroes; some of these heroes included Achilles, Ajax, Diomedes, Hector, and Glaucus. All of these individuals were heroes because of their remarkable mental and physical strength: they were courageous and were better fighters in war than other ordinary men. The trade of battle was a way of life to the Greeks back in Homer’s time. Children

Heroism Essay - 937 Words

Summer Schramm Heroism Not all heroes wear capes. One can not identify a hero solely by image alone. I’ve never believed a hero thinking and weighting first on the morality of their doings at the given time. Being a hero or labeled with heroism is defined as â€Å" great bravery† (Websters dictionary). I agree any act of heroism is brave, but I also would state heroism as a pure act of â€Å"selflessness† (websters dictionary a concern more with the needs and wishes of others than with one’s own). Acts of heroism are different from acts of bravery. People and even animals who are heroes go beyond what is expected of them, risking with no pause, their life, and limb to the need of another. Nearly all acts of heroism arise from situations that†¦show more content†¦in the morning, but this day she left Banndit to stay back with our other dogs Hannable and Benny. To this day, she says she has no idea why she left him home, but she just â€Å"felt† it. She walked her same route that day but felt â€Å"off†. By the time she arrived home, her heart sank. She immediately ran to the blood covered door, panicking and shocked to find Banndit laying in a puddle of blood. She called 911 and was hysterical thinking Banndit was stabbed. The entire house was covered in blood. She realized Hannable was limping and gushing blood as well. The dispatcher demanded that she leave the house in fear of the attacker still being in the home, but no way in hell was she leaving the dogs. Police searched the house top to bottom as my mom held Banndit in tears. The EMT’s that were dispatched were told to â€Å"clear† because it was â€Å"only a dog†. Three heroes were bonded that day. A patron man who discovered during the investigation that it was an attempted break-in by multiple intruders and Banndit attacked. Banndit proceeded to smash through a picture window and we are unsure if his cut to his artery was the window or the intruder. The paramedic disregarded dispatch and stopped Bandit’s bleeding and was administering air to him and helped load Banndit into the back of the officers patrol car. The officer raced ( lights and sirens) to the nearest vet where the performed surgery on our hero who lived to be 13 years old. Many peopleShow MoreRelatedHeroism Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is being a hero mean? Heroism is to be brave when others are not willing to and being caring when other need it. Being a hero means you never back down and are not afraid. Every hero, big or small fights for something different, like rights that they deserve, to stand out from the crowd, doing what is right in their mind, or just doing what their gut tells them to. Rights are an important factor in life that everyone deserves but many individuals live without. Many beings will fight for itRead MoreHeroism Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesHeroism Today is an important day. Because you have a difficult decision to make. Will you embrace the gift that you’ve been given? Or will you stand by and waste it away, another day? Will you honor those who came before you, that created this earth and this world for you to experience? Or will you let them down by living with a negative mindset that holds you back? You are the author of your own superhero comic each day is a new page. You get to choose the type of character you want to be. YouRead MoreHeroism Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is heroism? Things preformed Superman, Batman, or The Flash? This is what most people think about when they hear the word hero or heroism. Although these characters show heroism, the definition of heroism does not have to be narrowed to the stereotypical hero. Many people have different concepts on heroism. A hero can be a ordinary person like a firefighter or cop. Heroism is a attribute that a person can obtain but they have to choose act ions that help others like a fearless firefighter orRead MoreHeroism Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout today’s society in abundance.   I define heroism as,   Ã¢â‚¬Å" The qualities or attributes of a hero† (dictionary).   Some examples of heroism can be doctors saving an individuals life or me saving a random person’s life.   I define heroism as someone who places others before   him/ herself.   Heroism appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch; His/ her willingness to help others makes up a hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I most commonly associate heroism with placing others first and performing the actRead MoreAn Act of Heroism Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesseizure. I continue on to Chemistry class. Sitting there taking down electron arrangements, it perversely occurs to me that I could use this episode as a topic for my personal essay, after all, aren’t personal traumas the common fodder for moving essays? A friend slaps me on the back, congratulating me on my â€Å"heroism.† Inwardly, a coward contemplates the bulky science teacher. Read More Heroism in Beowulf Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesshowed that he was truly a hero because he had wisdom and fortitude. There are many types of heroes and Beowulf may not be a hero like Superman or Spiderman, but there is no doubt that Beowulf was a hero beyond compare. Many of the above examples heroism were closely related, this is because a true hero needs to be able to have the wisdom to know what to do and fortitude to do it. Read MoreEssay on Gilgameshs Heroism1557 Words   |  7 Pageswhat is the role of the hero? In this paper the term Heroism will be analyzed under the name of an ancient Mesopotamian hero Gilgamesh. The epic which is called as Gilgamesh is important for understanding an ancient culture, the Sumerian culture because it portrays their beliefs about cultural values and how they lived their lives. Ancient Sumerian culture valued the ideas of heroism. The epic shows their societal values of heroism, knowledge and loyalty and their importance. One ofRead MoreHEROISM IN THE ILIAD Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesof these facts add up to Achilles having a clear-cut advantage over the opposition. Another smaller reason for Achilles heroism is his sense of responsibility. A prime example of that is when Patroclus dies. He takes immediate responsibility for Patroclus’ death, and instantly vows to take revenge on Hector for it. When you put all these details together it adds up to the heroism of Achilles throughout the entire epic. The other hero of The Iliad is Hector. He is still a major hero of the storyRead MorePersuasive Essay : Holocaust Heroism918 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay: Holocaust Heroism As millions of people know, the Holocaust was a time of struggle and difficulty and through the struggle and difficulty there were heroes. Heroes, that many do not acknowledge and some may find nothing but a person living in this disaster. In three specific sources, there were strong people fighting an arduous battle, and not just a person living in the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel in the book Night showed an incredible journey through this time that definitely showedRead MoreTamburlaine and Tragic Heroism Essay635 Words   |  3 PagesTamburlaine and Tragic Heroism In his two plays, Tamburlaine the Great, Parts I and II, Marlowe deviates from the norms of the theory of tragedy in his depiction of Tamburlaine. According to the Aristotelian theory of tragedy, a tragic hero is of a noble origin and enjoys a great rank right from the very beginning of the play. Furthermore, a tragic hero is, in a simple sense, a man likeable for his goodness or greatness. A tragic hero, in addition, is doomed to make a serious error that will

Social Media Resources For Bonini Caffe †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Resources For Bonini Caffe. Answer: Introduction: Social media platforms as understood by the authors Siamagka, Christodoulides, Michaelidou and Valvi (2015) are the modern ways of interacting with the near dear ones personally or the customers in professional business. The authors Siamagka et al. (2015) probably meant by stating the fact that the different social media resources have now become a compulsory practice for both the personal and the professional reasons. It can be used to enhance the individual's social appeal by interacting with the near and the dear ones. This can also be used to present a much transparent and a detailed picture of the organization to its target audience. In this study, the learner has picked up an organization which is based in Italy and is specialized in offering tasteful coffees to customers. The company in Italy and in some other parts of the world as well is known as Bonini Caffe (Caffebonini.com 2018). It is a family-run business that with its extensive experimental efforts has now widely recognized as an organization that never fails to deliver the best. They have been able to deliver the best because of few facts such as the product selection and a high-quality standard of customer service (Caffebonini.com 2018). The assignment is purposefully based on identifying the suitable social media platforms which can further the business of the case study organization. In addition, the study also discusses, in general, the various media resources that are commonly being used by the common people and the business organizations in countries across the globe. Most importantly, the study is being expected to deliver the knowledge about the use of the several social media tools in the modern day business. The industry profile of the business organization that you have chosen and its product(s) and/or services The chosen business organization with its extensive business strategy has been an emerging name in Italy and the few other countries across the globe. There have been few reasons behind an exhilarating success of the company. Few of such reasons are the excellent price for products and the high-quality standards in service (Caffebonini.com 2018). The secret behind the high quality is a smart use of the best coffee beans that are derived from the two widely-known mixtures Arabica and Robusta. Arabica is fragrant and sweet while Robusta is decisive more substantial. Additionally, they are also expertise in blending, the stage which is widely known as the real art of the Bonini Company (Caffebonini.com 2018). The blending process which has been a success secret for the company is the result of the old age recipes. Such ancient recipes were being handed over by the roaster which later on had been taken care by the companys coffee Sommeliers in order to ensure the quality and the maximum flavor to customers (Caffebonini.com 2018). The intention of the Boninis Company is very clear which is to provide its customers the moments of pleasure by providing them a coffee that never fails to deliver (Caffebonini.com 2018). The success of the company is not only limited to the high-quality services it offers to customers but, it is also because of many other reasons as well like the acknowledgments both from the customer ends and from the large-scale retailers (Caffebonini.com 2018). Interestingly, they have been able to deliver the best in quality service while offering the very competitive products and the shipping prices (Caffebonini.com 2018). However, the study is intended to find the benefits of using the different social media platforms which could be highly profitable given the reputation Bonini has. The need to study the few media resources is essential today because a continued conversation with customers in nowadays is very much important. Such a conversation is required as it helps to enhance the customers trust on the company and also helps to take it to the international platform while being confined just to the national circle. Analysis: Identify and analyze different social media in general and their specific importance to the selected business ensuring that you cover marketing, consumer feedback, management information, internal communication and any other uses that you consider important Identifying the different social media platforms and the relevant importance: Social media platforms can be divided into various types like as follows: Social networks- Social networks like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn in the organizational context can be used for an endless list of purposes like market research, lead generation, brand awareness, customer service, relationship building and several others (Guesalaga 2016). Social networks can help organizations like Bonini to connect with customers online to exchange its views on the ideas and the relevant information (Guesalaga 2016). Twitter is a way to interact with customers possibly like a live chat. On the other hand, Facebook helps to manage the relationship with customers. Both serve the different purposes; however, all are important to produce a notable image in the market (Guesalaga 2016). LinkedIn is another way of interacting with people; however, it facilitates a professional exchange of information both at the organizational and at the personal levels (Guesalaga 2016). Nevertheless, the contemporary world is being dominated by an extensive use of mobile phones which is also why the d ifferent social sites are now much in use (Guesalaga 2016). Media sharing networks- This is another very useful platform where media, especially in the form of videos, can be shared to make it viewable to a mass audience base. It includes the social sites like the Instagram and the YouTube (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014). Instagram is a platform where videos and images can be uploaded. Moreover, users can also add captions to such videos and photos to make it look different and appealing (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014). YouTube, on the other hand, can be extensively used for uploading small or large size videos containing the information edited by its users (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014). YouTube is one of the highly visited platforms in nowadays. Millions of users throng to the site to check their relevant videos (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014). Consumer review networks- These are the social sites which customers use to find, review and share the relevant information related to products and services belonging to the various industry profiles like restaurants, Smartphone, travel destinations, electronic gadgets and the others (Kumar et al. 2016). Positive reviews state the success that the product or the service has received from its target audience while the negative reviews ring an alarming bell for the respective company to have a look on the issue whether it is genuine (Kumar et al. 2016). Moreover, an organization in such context will be needed to do the needful to show an utmost revert to the customer's escalation (Kumar et al. 2016). Examples of such platforms include but are not limited to like Zomato, TripAdvisor and Yelp (Kumar et al. 2016). Discussion forums- This is one of the oldest forms of social media which can be used to find share the information the news and for monitoring the opinions (Dijkmans, Kerkhof and Beukeboom 2015). This is a traditional media but an excellent resource for market research (Dijkmans, Kerkhof and Beukeboom 2015). This can also be utilized for doing advertisements but required cares will be needed in order to keep it separate from the posts (Dijkmans, Kerkhof and Beukeboom 2015). Examples of discussion forums include but are not limited to like Quora, Reddit, and Digg (Dijkmans, Kerkhof and Beukeboom 2015). Blogging networks- WordPress, Tumblr, and Medium are some of the examples of blogging sites (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). This helps to establish content marketing which can be the highly effective ways of interacting with the target audience, generate leads sales and building the brand (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). Using this platform, organizations can publish the desired information that may be regarding the organization itself or any other useful matter in an attractive way (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). WordPress is a more traditional form of blogging while Tumblr offers the microblogging services (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). On the other hand, an interactive social publishing can be facilitated through the Medium. Blogging networks are truly helpful in generating an engaging content which can be used as a promotion strategy (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). Social shopping networks- These are the social sites that are being used to spot the trends, share great finds, make purchases and follow the brands (Paniagua and Sapena 2014). Using this platform, brands can enhance the product or service related awareness, can make audience engaged to its products or services and can also facilitate the sale of products through the new channels (Paniagua and Sapena 2014). Social shopping networks support the e-commerce platform by adding a social element to it. The platform offers a focused integration between the social and the shopping experience (Paniagua and Sapena 2014). Few of the examples of the platform include like Etsy, Polyvore, and Fancy (Paniagua and Sapena 2014). Specific importance to the chosen business: Each day, the various coffee shops do their best to offer a taste that does not fail to deliver. For many of the people around the world, it works as a resource that fuels the day and helps people to start on the right note. This is pretty much clear from the fact that coffee has been viewed as a booster that not only energizes the body but also makes such things happen (McLellan, Caldwell and Lieberman 2016). Building a social relationship with both the existing customers and the target audience is utterly important for attaining a sustained business. Social media has now major roles in making the conversation much smoother between clients and the customers. The fact is quite evident from a fact that millions of common people use Smartphone. A significant population of such numbers uses Smartphone for being updated with the news, gossips, blogs, useful contents and company-specific information (Parveen, Jaafar and Ainin 2015). In context to the case study organization Bonini Caffe, the various types of social media platforms can be extensively used for establishing a deeper relationship with the target audience, to enhance the brand awareness and to elevate the customers trust on the brand. Various social sites like Facebook Twitter and the social media such as blogging networks, discussion forums consumer review networks can be used to enhance the relationship with customers (Ngai et al. 2015). Facebook will allow knowing how much the customers have loved their services and products. Twitter will facilitate a kind of live chat where themanagement team of Bonini and the worldwide customers can establish a very close relationship with each other through chat service (Ngai et al. 2015). Blogging network can prove to be a very effective way for the Bonini Company as this will help them go beyond the website content and explore a very different world of engaging contents to the target customers (Ngai et al. 2015). Discussion forums are another effective way of interacting with the customers. Bonini Caffe will be able to showcase the planned contents to their target audience. Additionally, the company will also be able to highlight some rare characteristics of it through the various discussion forums like Quora (Ainin et al. 2015). Consumer review networks like Zomato will assist Bonini Caffe in showcasing their positive reviews. Such reviews will help customers know about the company and its positive aspects. Moreover, they might feel like being a part of the company by using its products and services. In addition to this, Bonini will be able to track or monitor the market values of its products or services in regards to customers responses (Ainin et al. 2015). YouTube is an emerging platform where videos are shared to catch the attention of the worldwide customers. The use of YouTube will be highly advised to the Bonini Caffe as this will allow uploading the self-created videos containing the various relevant organizational contents like how they prepare the coffee and treat the customers (Hassan, Nadzim, and Shiratuddin 2015). However, the use of social sites and the other mediums should not coincide with the on shop business of the Bonini Company. An ineffectivemanagement of social activities may also hamper the productivity (Go and You 2016). To avoid such fears, Bonini Caffe needs to consider the following recommended strategies: Picking up the most appropriate social mediums- It is better to be confined to just a few very effective social mediums than being available to all the mediums and consequently, lose the effectiveness. For the case study organization Bonini Caffe, Facebook, Twitter, Discussion Forums such as Quora, Blogging Networks, YouTube and Consumer Review Networks like Zomato and YouTube will be advised (Valentini 2015). Making up a routine time for social activities- It is necessary to fix a time span for the various social media activities. This will help Bonini to facilitate usual services without any interruption and also conduct the social activities at its assigned time (Valentini 2015). Advertising the profiles- Bonini will probably have a very first experience of using the ample social media. This is why it is advisable that the company does proper advertisement of its new activities (Valentini 2015). For example, to make its presence felt at the Facebook page, it should paste a hard copy detailing the scheduled activity on Facebook in the different parts of the coffee shop. Places like near the food case or any other places which are observable to customers. Conclusion: To conclude, Bonini Caffe needs to identify the most appropriate social media resources for its business. Few of the strategies have been recommended in this study; however, it entirely depends on the companysmanagement in regards to the selection of the social media resources. The social media activities will yield better results if those are managed properly. To a company like Bonini Caffe, it is very important that it takes its uniqueness to the next level which is to explore its uniqueness at the different social media resources. There is just the need of using a right mixture of ancient tradition such as the recipes of blending and the modern ways of social activities like the various social media sites. The company, however, needs to follow the recommended strategies or many others like that in context to an effective management of the social activities. This is indeed necessary to prevent any damage done to the usual daily routine or else this may leave a bad impact on the bra nd on customers. References: Ainin, S., Parveen, F., Moghavvemi, S., Jaafar, N.I. and Mohd Shuib, N.L., 2015. Factors influencing the use of social media by SMEs and its performance outcomes.Industrial Management Data Systems,115(3), pp.570-588. Caffebonini.com. 2018.Caff bonini S.r.l Company - Caff Bonini S.r.l. - US. [online] Available at: https://www.caffebonini.com/about-us/ [Accessed 14 Feb. 2018]. Dijkmans, C., Kerkhof, P. and Beukeboom, C.J., 2015. A stage to engage: Social media use and corporate reputation.Tourism Management,47, pp.58-67. Go, E. and You, K.H., 2016. But not all social media are the same: Analyzing organizations social media usage patterns.Telematics and Informatics,33(1), pp.176-186. Guesalaga, R., 2016. The use of social media in sales: Individual and organizational antecedents, and the role of customer engagement in social media.Industrial Marketing Management,54, pp.71-79. Hassan, S., Nadzim, S.Z.A. and Shiratuddin, N., 2015. Strategic use of social media for small business based on the AIDA model.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, pp.262-269. Kumar, A., Bezawada, R., Rishika, R., Janakiraman, R. and Kannan, P.K., 2016. From social to sale: The effects of firm-generated content in social media on customer behavior.Journal of Marketing,80(1), pp.7-25. McLellan, T.M., Caldwell, J.A. and Lieberman, H.R., 2016. A review of caffeines effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,71, pp.294-312. Ngai, E.W., Moon, K.L.K., Lam, S.S., Chin, E.S. and Tao, S.S., 2015. Social media models, technologies, and applications: an academic review and case study.Industrial Management Data Systems,115(5), pp.769-802. Paniagua, J. and Sapena, J., 2014. Business performance and social media: Love or hate?.Business horizons,57(6), pp.719-728. Parveen, F., Jaafar, N.I. and Ainin, S., 2015. Social media usage and organizational performance: Reflections of Malaysian social media managers.Telematics and Informatics,32(1), pp.67-78. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. and Carley, K.M., 2014. Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), pp.117-128. Razmerita, L., Kirchner, K. and Nabeth, T., 2014. Social media in organizations: leveraging personal and collective knowledge processes.Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,24(1), pp.74-93. Siamagka, N.T., Christodoulides, G., Michaelidou, N. and Valvi, A., 2015. Determinants of social media adoption by B2B organizations.Industrial Marketing Management,51, pp.89-99. Valentini, C., 2015. Is using social media good for the public relations profession? A critical reflection.Public Relations Review,41(2), pp.170-177.

Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO

The main issue presented within the memo involves the current salary of the present CEO (James) and whether it is in line with standard salaries for CEOs within companies of the same size and within the same market as PDQ.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author of the memo contends that based on the performance of the company, the current average salary rate for CEOs within the industry which is $300,000 and the â€Å"supposed† fact that workers at the company dislike James that replacing the current CEO is a matter of great urgency given that his lackluster performance and high salary are detrimental towards the growth and performance of the company. Reasons given The CEO’s salary is too high During his tenure the company has experience significant drops in performance Workers at the company supposedly do not like hi m He is rich, thus he would not feel the need to work hard He has a low level of performance In order to make the company better a new CEO would be needed Ambiguous Phrases There are several ambiguous phrases that piqued my interest within the memo. The first emphasized the current wealth of the CEO as detrimental towards his performance. The second emphasized on the need to replace him despite the lack of sufficient evidence and third involved an argument involving incentivized performance and compensation which was highly ambiguous given that various studies state otherwise. Descriptive Assumptions The memo explains that it is usually the case that the average salary for a CEO within a company of PDQ’s size is $300,000 and that due to the financial crisis most companies have actually frozen or cut back on CEO salaries due to lower profits. While this particular aspect of the memo is valid, the memo takes a strange turn stating that James must be fired on the basis of his s upposedly lackluster performance (which the memo does not present sufficient evidence on), the fact that he is wealthy and would supposedly not work for the best interests of the company (similarly has no basis), the fact that the workers at the company supposedly dislike him (has not been confirmed with verifiable facts from the union) and on the fact that he has a high salary which is not commensurate with industry standards (considering the fact that it was based on a contract it should not be an issue). Fallacies in Reasoning While the memo was quite extensive in its use of a variety of statistics in order to properly frame its arguments, it made several assumptions that lacked sufficient evidence to actually prove to be accurate. First off, towards the end of the memo the author makes the following assumption regarding salaries and compensation: â€Å"everyone in the Human Resources field knows that â€Å"pay for performance† is the most effective compensation methodâ⠂¬ . The creation of this particular statement is versed in such a way so as to connote a certain degree of factual appropriateness to what was stated. This means that it was created to make people assume that â€Å"pay for performance† is the most effective method by stating that it was a well known practice within the field of human resources.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In reality studies such as those by Goh Gupta (2010) have shown that pay for performance is actually one of the least effective methods of compensation (Goh Gupta, 2010). This finding has been backed up by several other studies and shows that the author of the memo was presenting an assumption as a fact. Examining the Evidence The author of the memo connects the failing performance of the company with the supposedly lackluster performance of the CEO. This particular argument in light of the c ircumstance is rather strange given the fact that the drop in company performance coincides with the 2008 financial crisis which resulted in considerable performance drops for nearly all corporations within the U.S. The memo fails to show any solid proof of corporate mismanagement by the CEO and merely presents an assumption based on data which has been proven to be outside of the control of the CEO. Not only that, it was stated early on that the increase in the CEO’s salary was based on a pre-negotiated contract which should void any arguments regarding subsequent salary increases. While there was sufficient evidence to justify the lowering of the CEO’s salary given the financial crisis, there is insufficient evidence to justify firing him. Based on an evaluation of the presented evidence, it can be seen that it is severely lacking in terms of actually showing that the current CEO of the company should be fired and is indicative of a lack of sufficient foresight and r esearch into the performance of the CEO and largely consists of pure speculation and assumptions. Rival Causes The memo in certain sections elaborates on the need to replace the CEO with someone that is more hardworking and willing to do what is necessary. This creates the idea that the present CEO is not hardworking and is in fact lazy. This is rather ambiguous given the fact that the author of the memo fails to show any solid evidence regarding this particular fact and is evidence of a certain dislike by the author for the CEO given that he continually emphasizes firing James. Deceptive Statistics The statistics are definitely deceptive since the CEO had pre-negotiated salary increases that were not dependent on company performance. Not only that, the drop in company performance was not due to mismanagement but was a direct result of the financial crisis. The CEO should actually be commended for ensuring that the company’s performance loss was kept to a minimum. Information that has been omitted The most obvious information that has been omitted is whether or not the CEO has been doing a good job despite the adverse circumstances that the company finds itself in as a result of the financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is no information whatsoever indicating factors relevant to what initiatives he has successfully employed, what cost savings measures were carried out during his tenure, how has he helped to reduce the losses of the company and how has he responded to the adverse market situation. All of this information is relevant given the arguments being presented by the author but it is in fact missing which creates a certain degree of ambiguity regarding the fairness of the way in which the CEO is being portrayed. Reasonable Conclusion that can be Derived Based on the way in which th e memo was created which emphasized on the supposedly lackluster performance of the CEO without sufficient evidence and the way in which the arguments were formulated to emphasize several negative qualities about the CEO and the need to fire him despite the fact that this was not the original intent of memo shows that the Senior HR manager has negative feelings about James and is actively attempting to have him removed despite the insufficient evidence proving the CEO’s inadequacy. Reference List Goh, L., Gupta, A. (2010). Executive Compensation, Compensation Consultants, and Shopping for Opinion: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Journal Of  Accounting, Auditing Finance, 25(4), 607-643. This essay on Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO was written and submitted by user Marisol U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Hardest SAT Reading Questions Ever

The Hardest SAT Reading Questions Ever SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're aiming for a really high SAT score, you'll need to learn how to beat the most difficult questions on every section of the test. Here, I’ll go through a few of the most difficult questions I’ve seen on the SAT Critical Reading section and how to solve them. Why exactly are they so hard? How do you tackle them? How well will you do? Challenge yourself for that top score. Question Type 1: Sentence Completion Sentence completion questions are tough because you can’t always rely on context to answer the question if you don’t know the word.The hardest sentence completion questions include difficult vocabulary in both the sentence itself and the answer choices, so you’re stuck in a Catch-22.If you can’t be sure what the sentence is asking for, you’re going to have a rough time choosing the right word or even guessing it. Here’s a single blank sentence completion question that I think is one of the hardest on the publicly available SAT practice tests: Fred often used ___________ to achieve his professional goals, even though such artful subterfuge alienated his colleagues. A. chicaneryB. diligenceC. bombastD. disputationE. consensus This question includes difficult vocabulary in both the sentence (artful, subterfuge, alienated) and the choices (almost all of them).You can understand from the sentence that the word you’re looking for is a synonym for â€Å"artful subterfuge†, but what does THAT mean? And even if you do know what it means, the words in the answer choices are also pretty high-level; you might know what diligence and consensus mean, but the other three words are more difficult. So how would you solve this question? First, let’s see what we can get from the sentence.Even if you don’t know what â€Å"artful subterfuge† means, it must be something negative because it â€Å"alienated his colleagues†. If you don't know what "alienated" means, you might be able to infer it from breaking down the word: "alienated" has the word "alien" in it, so it looks like it means "to make alien," which is probably not a good thing. You’re looking for an answer choice with a negative connotation.This Fred guy is clearly bad news.You can also infer that â€Å"artful† means something like â€Å"crafty†, or in this case (with the negative connotation), â€Å"underhanded†.You need a word that means a dishonest method of achieving goals. Ok, now we will look at the answer choices. Diligence and consensus are both words you probably know, and neither of them is negative, so you can cross those out. This is where it gets really difficult - the three choices that are left are words you might not know. Disputation sounds like a dispute. That’s pretty negative, but it doesn’t really have anything to do with being tricky or underhanded. Bombast sounds like something that would be loud or big, not artful or tricky, but you might not be sure. Chicanery could be right. It has the same ending as â€Å"trickery†, and it sounds lighter than bombast (in that the word "bomb" is not in it). It seems like we can narrow it down to bombast or chicanery. Chicanery appeared more likely, so A is the answer we’re going to choose (and the right answer!). This question might seem impossible on the test if you don’t know the words, but if you make some smart inferences about the sentence and the meanings of the answer choices, you still have a good shot of answering correctly without knowing any exact definitions. It's not a sure thing (our assumptions about chicanery above were pretty flimsy even if they turned out to be right) (which they did), but you always have a good chance on these questions if you can narrow your answer down to a couple of likely choices. Fred. Now let’s look at a really hard double blank sentence completion question: Favoring economy of expression in writing, the professor urged students toward a _____ rather than an ______ prose style. A. spare...ornateB. terse...opinionatedC. personal...academicD. baroque...embellishedE. repetitive...intricate This isn't as difficult in the vocabulary department, but it has confusing answer choices and sentence phrasing that requires a high-level understanding of expressions. How do we solve this question? We know from the phrase â€Å"rather than† that the two words we use to fill in the blanks must be opposites - that’s important!The professor favors â€Å"economy of expression†, so the first word is going to reflect this type of writing style, while the second will be its opposite. What does â€Å"economy of expression† mean? We can infer from what we know about â€Å"economy† that it probably means something like not being wasteful with words.So the first word should describe an efficient writing style and the second word should describe a more flowery one. Now for the answer choices - I think this is the really hard part of this particular question.You have to remember that both words MUST FIT EXACTLY. First, let’s look at all the first words in the answer choices and see which ones match up with our determination of what the first word must describe.Spare does, terse pretty much does, hmm not sure about baroque, keep that one for now.Personal and repetitive are definitely wrong, so we can cross out choices C and E. It doesn't matter what the second word is if we know the first one is wrong. Let's move on to the second words in choices A, B, and D. A. spare...ornateB. terse...opinionatedC. personal...academicD. baroque...embellishedE. repetitive...intricate Spare and ornate are opposites, so A seems to work pretty well.Terse and opinionated don’t work together, because opinionated is definitely not the opposite of terse, so we can cross out choice B.Baroque and embellished (choice D) is a tough one. Embellished definitely works as the opposite of what the professor wants, but we're still not totally sure what baroque means. So it’s either A or D. At this point, we know that A seems to work, so we should go with that choice even if we are not sure about D.As it turns out, baroque refers to a style characterized by ornate detail (which it to say, not efficient), so A is in fact the correct answer! With this question, we can see how important it is to verify that both parts of a two part answer fit the sentence. Even with very difficult double blank sentence completion questions, if you break down the answers carefully you can arrive at the correct choice. Baroque art: proof that people had way too much free time before the advent of modern technology Question Type 2: Passage-Based Now let’s look at some of the hardest passage-based reading questions. I’ll break them down by category. Author Technique Author technique questions ask about why the author of the passage used a certain emphasis or device in his or her writing.These questions can be very difficult because you need to have a deep understanding of the author’s viewpoint and how different writing techniques work to develop arguments. Here’s one of the most difficult author technique questions I have seen: In lines 27-30, the author uses the word "conventional" several times in order to: A. reveal the performers' frustration with modern theatersB. disparage the present-day treatment of the artsC. parody the creative efforts of contemporary artistsD. emphasize the absurdity of a purely aesthetic approach to the artsE. exaggerate the importance of tradition in the arts The question refers to these lines in the passage: The trend toward preservation is significant not only because it is saving and restoring some superior buildings that are testimonials to the creative achievements of other times, but also because it is bucking the conventional wisdom of the conventional power structure that provides the backing for conventional culture centers to house the arts. I think this question is so difficult because it requires a very specific and nuanced understanding of the author’s goals and technique. It also provides answer choices that are overall pretty confusing. Let’s figure out how to solve it! First, we need to understand the question. Why does the author use the word â€Å"conventional† so many times in this paragraph?What’s the viewpoint she is trying to support? Clearly she is pro-preservation of historic architecture (she describes the buildings that preservation saves as "superior" and "testimonials to the creative achievements of other times", which are both good things), and conventional is being used negatively to describe the systems in place that would dismantle these cultural monuments.She is trying to emphasize how important it is not to allow the â€Å"conventional† ideas, systems, and centers to completely take over the arts. Now let’s look at the answers, remembering to be very picky and specific about eliminating any answers that are even a little bit wrong! Choice A:reveal the performers’ frustration with modern theaters True, the phrasing does convey a certain frustration, but is it used to reveal the performers’ frustration? Is it specifically about modern theaters? Nope. This answer makes itself too specific by mentioning performers and modern theaters, so it’s gotta be wrong. Choice B:disparage the present-day treatment of the arts This seems correct. â€Å"Conventional† is definitely being used as an insult (to â€Å"disparage† something).And it's insulting the attitudes and structures that surround contemporary treatment of the arts in public life. This one’s a winner! Choice C:parody the creative efforts of contemporary artists No, this looks like an irrelevant answer. Contemporary artists are not criticized and certainly not parodied by the repeated use of â€Å"conventional†.There’s no mention of contemporary artists at all! Cross it out! Choice D:emphasize the absurdity of a purely aesthetic approach to the arts Hmm...a â€Å"purely aesthetic approach† would mean an approach that only takes into account outside appearance.The author does seem like she might reject that sort of approach, but make sure you stick to the question. Is that why she repeatedly used â€Å"conventional†? Pure aesthetics isn’t what she's directly criticizing. It’s more the unfeeling bureaucratic mindset (the "power structure") that pervades today’s decisions about public cultural and artistic matters. This answer is slightly off from the author’s point, so it’s not going to work! Choice E:exaggerate the importance of tradition in the arts Again, this does seem like something the author would do - she clearly values cultural history - but is it what she’s actually doing here?In this case, â€Å"conventional† is used repeatedly to put down the current mindset surrounding the arts, not to raise up the author’s point. It’s part of a negative argument, not a positive one. This is an example of a weird type of opposite answer. Choice B is correct! This question was really hard because it gave a few answer choices that made some sort of sense with regards to the author’s viewpoint but that didn’t directly answer the question.This is why you need to always be sure to keep reminding yourself what you are being asked: to avoid just choosing an idea you saw in the passage but that doesn’t answer the specific question. If you think it will help, write down a paraphrased wording of what the question is asking that's easier for you to understand so you can stay focused while you look at the different answer choices. Example of an American cultural monument, am I right? Analogy Analogy questions are also really tough. They require you to make a comparison between something in the passage and something unrelated to the passage that exemplifies a parallel relationship or theme. This means first understanding an abstract concept in the passage and then matching it to one of five other abstract concepts that sound similar. Let’s take a look at one of the hardest analogy questions: The "mystery" discussed in lines 10-13 is most analogous to that encountered in which of the following situations? A. Being unable to locate the source of materials used to construct an ancient palaceB. Being unable to reconcile archaelogical evidence with mythical descriptions of an ancient cityC. Being unable to explain how ancient peoples constructed imposing monuments using only primitive technologyD. Being unable to understand the religious function of a chamber found inside an ancient templeE. Being unable to discover any trace of a civilization repeatedly mentioned by ancient authors Here’s the part of the passage we need to refer to: But finding Machu Picchu was easier than solving the mystery of its place in the rich and powerful Inca empire. The imposing architecture attested to the skill and audacity of the Incas. But who had lived at this isolated site and for what purpose? First, let’s figure out what the question is asking. Which situation in the answer choices is most similar to the â€Å"mystery† described in the passage?So we need to figure out what the mystery is based on the passage. Going from the first sentence, the mystery is the role Machu Picchu played in the Inca empire.We also should note descriptions of Machu Picchu in the passage to make as direct a comparison as possible. We know it had â€Å"imposing architecture† and was â€Å"isolated† but no one knows who lived there or why it existed. Ok, let’s find the most similar answer choice now! Choice A: Being unable to locate the source of materials used to construct an ancient palace The mystery in the passage is about the purpose of Machu Picchu in the context of the Incan Empire.It doesn’t involve any confusion about HOW the city was created.This answer doesn’t fit because the mystery has nothing to do with the origin of Machu Picchu, it has to do with its function. Get rid of it! Choice B:Being unable to reconcile archaeological evidence with mythical descriptions of an ancient city This one doesn't work either. The content doesn't match with the mystery in the passage because there were no mythical descriptions of Machu Picchu. The mystery isn't about any sort of mismatch between the archeological reality of Machu Picchu and how it was described. It's about the fact that its purpose in the Incan empire wasn't described at all. Cross this one out! Choice C:Being unable to explain how ancient peoples constructed imposing monuments using only primitive technology This one is tricky, because the mystery does involve not being able to explain Machu Picchu’s existence.BUT the mystery is not about the logistics of its construction - it’s about the WHY, while this situation is about the HOW. This one is also incorrect! Choice D: Being unable to understand the religious function of a chamber found inside an ancient temple This answer looks promising - it talks about being unable to explain function, and the mystery is the role of Machu Picchu - synonyms!Explaining the religious function of a chamber found inside a temple is analogous to explaining the function of Machu Picchu in the Incan Empire. How does one part function in the context of the whole it belongs to? This answer seems correct. Choice E: Being unable to discover any trace of a civilization repeatedly mentioned by ancient authors This answer again presents a mismatch between evidence and reality (similar to choice B) when no such conflict exists in the mystery of Machu Picchu - there’s simply no evidence at all. Another wrong answer! Choice D is the one we want! Analogy questions like this require you to think at a pretty high level in terms of inferences because you need to make a connection to something totally outside of the passage. However, this doesn’t change the rule about looking for direct evidence for your answers. Notice how in this question we focused on the fact that the mystery was about the role of Machu Picchu.By using this evidence, we were able to find the most direct connection in the answer choices by noting that role and function are synonyms. Machu Picchu - I think I need to go there. Paired Passages Paired passage questions contain some of the most difficult questions on the SAT Critical Reading section because they ask you to look at arguments from different viewpoints and make inferences about the views of passage authors. It's a real mental challenge when these questions ask you to put yourself in someone else's shoes (especially someone whose opinion is different from your own or unfamiliar to you) and then take it one step further and analyze another person's opinion from that viewpoint. Here’s one of the hardest paired passage questions I’ve seen: Based on lines 63-67 ("nobody...sheep"), the author of Passage 2 would most likely appear to the author of Passage 1 as A. a neutral observer of animal behaviorB. well informed concerning research into animal intelligenceC. having a deep fondness for border collies and therefore overestimating themD. having little respect for traditional scientific researchE. having a narrow understanding of what constitutes intelligence Here’s Passage 1: And here are the lines referenced in Passage 2: â€Å"nobody could believe dispassionately in the totality of positive and negative reinforcement after seeing the pure intelligence shining in the face of a border collie intent upon helping a shepherd herd sheep† How should we go about solving this question? This is the type of SAT Critical Reading question where it actually is important to read and absorb the whole passage.We need to have a strong idea of how the author of Passage 1 feels about canine intelligence. From reading the passage, it’s clear that the author of Passage 1 takes a more cynical view of the issue. People are inclined to believe that dogs are intelligent because we are always around them and they are good companions, but this has no basis in scientific fact. What does this mean about the author of Passage 1’s opinions on the author of Passage 2 based on the quote? Well, it seems like he or she would probably think the author of Passage 2 was naive and falling into the trap of wishful thinking.The quote cites unscientific, emotional evidence of the intelligence of a particular dog breed. Ok, now let’s look at our choices! Choice A:a neutral observer of animal behavior Hmm no, I don’t think so. This is almost an opposite answer. Clearly the author of Passage 2 is biased towards believing dogs are intelligent. There's no way the author of Passage 1 would think of her as a neutral observer based on her statement about border collies. Cross it out! Choice B:well informed concerning research into animal intelligence Nothing in the quote says anything about research, so it wouldn’t make sense for the author of Passage 1 to consider the author of Passage 2 well informed about animal intelligence research based on the excerpt. This is definitely an irrelevant answer - get rid of it! Choice C:having a deep fondness for border collies and therefore overestimating them Hmm, this seems possible. The author's point in Passage 1 was that people’s emotional attachment to dogs causes them to overestimate their intelligence. In Passage 2, the author is clearly citing her own positively biased observations of border collies as evidence of their intelligence. The author of Passage 1 would definitely think she was overestimating border collies because of how much she likes them. This answer makes sense. Choice D:having little respect for traditional scientific research This one isn't going to work - it makes too many assumptions. The quote doesn’t indicate anything about the author of Passage 2’s feelings towards scientific research.There’s no reason the author of Passage 1 would make this specific judgment based on the excerpt. This is a pretty tricky answer choice. It would make some degree of sense for the author of Passage 1 to believe this about the author of Passage 2 since she's citing anecdotal evidence rather than scientific facts to back up her point about border collies. However, this answer is too nonspecific to be correct. There's nothing that directly points to the fact that the author of Passage 2 doesn't respect traditional scientific research. She certainly does respect her own (perhaps biased) judgments that aren't based in science, but that doesn't mean that she looks down on real scientific research. Eliminate it! Choice E:having a narrow understanding of what constitutes intelligence If anything, the author of Passage 2 adopts a wider understanding of animal intelligence than the author of Passage 1 because she entertains the notion that dogs are more intelligent than scientists believe.There’s no reason why the excerpt would cause the author of Passage 1 to believe the author of Passage 2 had a narrow understanding of intelligence. This one’s wrong too! Choice C is correct! I thought this question was particularly tricky because it asked you to do some high-level inference work and provided a correct answer that might at first have seemed too specific. It also gave some other answer choices that appeared plausible but didn't fit with any evidence in the quote from Passage 2. In these types of questions, it’s important not to doubt yourself and to use process of elimination very strictly. Even if you're being asked to infer something about one passage author from the point of view of another, your inference will still be based on direct evidence from the passages. In related news, border collies are too cute to handle. Review The most difficult sentence completion questions on SAT Critical Reading will expect you to understand high-level vocabulary in both the sentence itself and the answer choices. Even if you don’t know specific definitions of all the words, process of elimination can help you get down to one or two answer choices.Remember to look for connotation in the sentence and note relationships between words and phrases so you know exactly what you’re looking for. The most difficult passage-based questions on SAT Critical Reading will ask you to understand and compare abstract concepts and points of view. It's important to always be clear on what the question is asking first.Some choices might be relevant to information in the passage without being a direct answer to the question. Above all, BE PICKY. The hardest questions are relying on your inability to eliminate slightly incorrect answers.If you can’t find direct evidence for a choice, you have to get rid of it. Even the hardest Critical Reading questions can be answered confidently with enough practice! What's Next? Want more tips on how to master the SAT Critical Reading section? Check out our article on how to get an 800! Also, take a look at these articles for more tips if you're still struggling with running out or time or reading the passageson for Critical Reading. Finally, here are six strategies you can use to improve your score.Take a practice test to get started! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Molières Death and the Color Green

Molià ¨re's Death and the Color Green Whether or not you are an actor, you probably know that it is considered bad luck to say Good luck to a performer. Instead, you should say, Break a leg! And if you have brushed up on your Shakespeare, then you already know that it could be disastrous to say Macbeth out loud while in a theater. To avoid being cursed, you should instead refer to it as the Scottish play. Unlucky to Wear the Color Green? However, many do not realize that it is unlucky for actors to wear the color green. Why? It is all because of the life and death of Frances greatest playwright, Molià ¨re. Molià ¨re His real name was Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, but he was most famous for his stage name, Molià ¨re. He attained success as an actor in his early twenties and soon found that he had a talent for writing stage plays. Although he preferred tragedies, he became renowned for his hilarious satires. Tartuffe was one of his more scandalous plays. This vicious farce mocked the church and caused an uproar among Frances religious community. Controversial Plays   Another controversial play, Don Juan or The Feast with a Statue, mocked society and religion so severely that it was not performed uncensored until 1884, over two hundred years after its creation. But in some ways, Molià ¨res demise is even more intense than his plays. He had been suffering from tuberculosis for several years. However, he did not want the illness to prevent his artistic pursuits. His final play was The Imaginary Invalid. Ironically, Molià ¨re played the central character - the hypochondriac. Royal Performance   During a royal performance before King Louis the 14th, Molià ¨re began to cough and gasp. The performance was stalled momentarily, but Molià ¨re insisted that he continue. He bravely made it through the rest of the play, despite collapsing once more and suffering a hemorrhage. Hours later, after returning home, Molià ¨res life slipped away. Perhaps due to his reputation, two clergymen refused to administer his last rites. So, when he died, a rumor spread that Molià ¨res soul did not make it into the Pearly Gates. Molià ¨res costume - the clothing that he died in - was green. And since that time, actors have maintained the superstition that it is highly unlucky to wear green while on-stage.

Journal of Korean Melodrama Christmas in August (1998) Movie Review

Journal of Korean Melodrama Christmas in August (1998) - Movie Review Example Jung decides and tries his best not to get into a relationship with her but eventually they form one. The film tends to have a weak plot but there is a strong in-depth look at both the characters that the audience can implicitly feel. The audience see and feel how Jung experiences the illness and how he deals with the people during the last days of his life. There is a silence among the members of his family because they are the only ones aware of it. Jung also holds back his emotions when he is with his friends and that is a painful moment. The relationship with Da-rim and Jung is the central focus of this story. Da-rim affects him deeply and how he responds to her is a beautiful feeling in the film. People often take others for granted but Jung’s character gives an emotional sensation to the audience on how painful it is when you know you don’t have time. In addition, the interesting thing about this film is that there are not many dialogues throughout the film. This is a strong point but it may as well start seeming to be a negative point as it drags the movie in some scenes. But this technique works for the emotional audience as the awkward and meaningful silences bring out the feel between the characters even in scenes when Jung is working alone and there is silence which expresses his isolation, pain, and loneliness. There is another major element in this film which is the subtleness. The audience get a sense that Jung and Da-rim have fallen in love but the film doesn’t really show a formal acceptance or declaration of their love. Jung would never talk about his illness but it is evident how it is affecting his relationship. The film does not even disclose the actual illness that Jung is going through and thus the movie is subtly explained through the actions and expressions of the characters that have done a great job on screen. This fact may leave the film open to several interpretations; it would also make this film thought

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 24 Sec 1 Ch 25 Sections 1-4 Essay

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 24 Sec 1 Ch 25 Sections 1-4 - Essay Example The worker is purely the actor through whom the means of production acquire value. In Chapter 25 of Capital, Marx states that, â€Å"The mass of the means of production which (the worker) thus transforms, increases with the productiveness of his labor† (Marx, 682). The â€Å"mass† in question – to use Marx’s own example, the raw material labor transforms into yarn – represents a fundamentally industrial process that is ossified, a carefully preserved scenario to which Marx failed to ascribe the eventuality of progressive change. Darwinian theorist though he was, Marx appears to have reckoned without the process of evolution, which is surely as pervasive and dynamic in the field of economics as it is in the anthropological study of man’s development. Industrial revolution has given way to industrial evolution, yielding a far more complex and sophisticated labor paradigm than could possibly be accounted for in Marx’s Name 2 equation. Mar x does address the â€Å"division of labor in manufacture,† proposing that â€Å"with the use of machinery, more raw material is worked up in the same time, and, therefore, a greater mass of raw material and auxiliary substances enter in the labour-process† (682).

The Old proof of Human Craving to Preserve Heritage Essay Example for Free

The Old proof of Human Craving to Preserve Heritage Essay Humans love their routes and even more love to bask in the glory of the accomplishment of their ancestors, and such attitude towards heritage has only manifested in modern times with the advent of museums. However, the level of wonder rises to an unbelievable degree when one discovers a piece of architecture as old as 421 BCE too clearly consolidates the above belief. That is the reason why this essay has chosen to describe Erechtheion, the building that was decidedly built to accommodate all possible nuances of ancient Greek heritage and culture. Background Right after they completed Parthenon and the Propylaia, the city-states of Athens and Sparta and their respective allies got involved in the Peloponnesian Wars between 431 and 404 BCE, between which they had a peaceful period of six years under the regime of Nikias, and the Athenians didnt miss that chance to fulfil the dream of their dead hero Perikles (died in 429 BCE), who wanted to restore the glory of Acropolis, and accordingly started constructing Athena Polias, which later became known as the Erechtheion (Syrigos, 1995), the work of which commenced on 421 BCE and finished around 406 BCE. Erechtheion contains six larger than life maidens columns known as the Caryatids. According to mythology, it was here that Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and that Athena produced the Olive tree. Overall, the building proves to be a brilliant solution of both spiritual confluence and practical problems (Sanctuary, 2006). Architectural Details The Erechtheion had two main entrances, on the north and east sides, where some columns from the east porch, comprising an ornamental pedestal supporting a fluted shaft of white marble and topped by a separately made capital, carried the flavour of neo-classical architecture, especially with their floral ornament of the necking and the delicate mouldings of the pedestal and capital (Cook, 1997). The uniqueness of this building lies in the fact that it contains more original features than any of its counterparts in Acropolis. It can be classified by three separate independent sections like the central temple, the porch of the Caryatides and the north extension, all having separate roofs. Apart from that, it is built at four different levels and accordingly, Ionic columns of three different dimensions and proportions are used, besides Korai as supports for the entablature the famous Caryatides (Erechtheion, 2008). Otherwise the temple has two main parts, where once Athena reigned at the east and Poseidon-Erechtheus found their places at the west. In all, it reflected the compactness of classical Attic architecture. The frieze was created out of Eleusinian stone of a deep grey colour, and metal connecting pins set in the slabs were used to hold the relief figures. Once a gold lamp adorned inside, reportedly made by Kallimakhos, the artist accredited with the invention of the Corinthian capital (Syrigos, 1995). There is no authentic document regarding the architect of this building, yet its Ionic structure would remind the genius of Mnesikles, who is regarded as one of the stalwarts of Greek architecture and who was known for his originality and his ability to provide functional adaptation to accommodate the multiple religious needs of so many cults, even amid the irregular basement (Syrigos, 1995). Another researcher Williamson (2008) too supports this idea, who opines, The Erechtheion, built on the site of ancient sanctuaries on the Athenian Acropolis, is so unlike every other Greek temple that some have dismissed it as an aberration. Rather, it is the result of its architect, probably Mnesikles, applying inventive skill to accommodate a complex web of religious relationships. The Erechtheion provides evidence that the craft tradition of architecture, hobbled by convention, was giving place to a new creative approach to design. Proof of Craving to Preserve Heritage It is this meticulous projection of religious confluence of Greece separates Erechtheion in dignity, as it comprehensively covered the spiritual milieu of ancient Greece within its chambers and its temenos (sacred courtyard). Though the structure primarily facilitated worship of Athena Polias and Poseidon, it meticulously accommodated a host of other important characters/elements of Greek Mythology, like the graves of Erechtheus with the sacred snake, and of Kekrops, the ancestors of the Athenians, as well as the signs from Poseidons trident which produced water, the Erechtheis Sea, a well that contained salt water, and the marks from the thunderbolt of Zeus. The altars of Zeus Hypatos, of Peseidon and Erechtheus, of Hephaistos, of the hero Boutes, of the Thyechoos, and the very ancient xoanon of Hermes, all were placed together there. And there was more the sacred olive and the sanctuary of Pandrosos, which included the altar of Zeus Herkeios too found their places (Sanctuary, 2006). According Syrigos (1995), the architect succeeded by subtle and ingenious use of the differences in level to produce an astonishing temple, which satisfied the requirements of all these cults. He respected the traditions and at the same time introduced striking innovations. Present Situation The unique temple was converted into a church during the Middle Ages, and later it was used as a harem for the ruler of Athens during the Turkish occupation. In 1801 the British ambassador, Thomas Bruce, Earl of Elgin, took a caryatid (which he later sold to the British Museum), replacing it with a plaster cast. The Erechtheion was partly rebuilt by the American School of Classical Studies. Now it again suffers depredations, this time from atmospheric pollution and the increasing pressure of tourism (Williamson, 2008). Conclusion The evidences and discussion clearly points at the innate desire of the Greeks to preserve their heritage at one place, and the intensity of such desire brought the issue completing their mammoth task of creating Acropolis even after the war, which normally could be a period of general consolidation. Thus, apart from skill, innovativeness and beauty, which are tangible in Erechtheion, one intangible proof is right there, which proves human craving fore preserving their heritage and gather inspiration from it. References Cook, B. F. (1997). Ionic column from the ErechtheionThe Acropolis, Athens, Greece, about 420-415 BC in The Elgin Marbles. 2nd Edition: London, The British Museum Press. Retrieved 8 December 2008, from http://www. britishmuseum. org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/i/ionic_col umn_-_the_erechtheion. aspx Erechtheion (2008). Retrieved 8 December 2008, from http://www. erechtheion. org/Docs/Lesk%20Erechtheion%20with%20figs%20sm. p df http://www. ne. jp/asahi/daikannw/network/webacropol/erechtheio. html Sanctuary of Erechtheion. (2006). Retrieved 8 December 2008, from http://www. travelpod. com/travel- photo/rcl0906/turkey_greece06/1158590880/dscn03. jpg/tpod. html Syrigos, A. B. (1995). The Erechtheion. Retrieved 8 December 2008, from Williamson, M. (2008). The Erechtheion, Athens, Greece; Mnesikles(? ), architect, 421- ca. 406 b. c. Retrieved 8 December 2008, from http://warandgame. blogspot. com/2008/08/erechtheion. html

Ineffective Argument in Jessica Statskys Essay, Children need to Play,

Jessica Statsky, in her essay, â€Å"Children need to Play, Not Compete† attempts to refute the common belief that organized sports are good for children. She sees organized sports not as healthy pass-times for children, but as onerous tasks that children do not truly enjoy. She also notes that not only are organized sports not enjoyable for children, they may cause irreparable harm to the children, both emotionally and physically. In her thesis statement, Statsky states, â€Å"When overzealous parents and coaches impose adult standards on children's sports, the result can be activities that are neither satisfying nor beneficial to children† (627). While this statement is strong, her defense of it is weak. One of the assumptions Statsky makes is that, â€Å"One readily understandable danger of overly competitive sports is that they entice children into physical actions that are bad for growing bodies† (627). This statement rests on the assumption that children would not perform any â€Å"physical actions that are bad for growing bodies† (Statsky 627) without organized competitive sports. This is simply untrue. Children jump from swings, climb trees, skateboard, â€Å"pop wheelies† and otherwise put themselves in physical peril with alarming regularity. Children’s free and unorganized play often results in broken bones and stitches, even for the most timid children. Statsky also makes another faulty assumption, which is that competition is an adult imposition on the world of children’s play. She says in her article, â€Å"The primary goal of a professional athlete – winning – is not appropriate for children† (629). Children compete to win in the same way that adults do, and they do so on their own without any adult pressure. Common playground gam... ...petitive sports can cause lasting harm and have no benefits for these children (Statsky 627), then examples of how childhood competition negatively affected individuals years after the fact would go a long way to proving her accusation. As Statsky's thesis rests on the assumption that adult imposition of competition and organization in children's sports makes the games neither satisfactory nor beneficial to the children, then lack of benefit must be shown along with lack of satisfaction. The existence of unsatisfied child athletes in organized sports is no indication that children are somehow unsuited to competition and team sports. Works Cited Statsky, Jessica. â€Å"Children Need to Play, Not Compete.† Reading Critically Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. Ed. Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper, and Allison M. Warriner. 7th ed. Boston: Bedford, 2005. 627-631.

Village cricket match

A Village Cricket Match It is an excerpt from A. G Macdonnel's humorous novel ‘England, their England'. The English society has been satirized in a light hearted manner especially what is known as ‘Englishness' , as seen from the eyes of a Scotsman. In this the author humorously describes a cricket match being played between men from England and men from Scotland in the village of Fordendan. The cricketers are petty businessmen or local shopkeepers. The story is presented in a mock epic style and ornate and bombastic language has been used to bring out this effect. The author has used humor as the main ingredient of the story.His description of the players, their style of playing, movements, and conduct is humorous. The story begins with the arrangements of Mr. Hodge who completed his tricky negotiations with the Fordendan caption. Just as the two players who were arranged to play for both sides went away in dismay, a motor car arrived containing not only Mr. Hodge's two defaulters but also a third gentlemen who swore stoutly that he had been invited by Mr. Hodge to play. Negotiations therefore had to be reopened. This funny arrangement at the beginning of the story underlines the streak of humor which will run throughout the story.The method of winning of winning the toss by Mr. Hodge is described in a humorous way. ‘Mr. Hodge having won the toss by a system of his own founded upon the differential calculus and Copernican theory†¦ ‘. The bowling end of the ground was so steep that at the end stood a fielder who saw nothing saw nothing of the game but the blacksmith walking back or running to bowl. It was only during the last few yards of his run when the blacksmith was visible to the batsman. The blacksmith ran up to bowl climbing the slope superbly like a ‘mettlesome combination of Venus and Vulcan Anadyomene'.

Student Attrition Has Been Concern Of Higher Education Education Essay

IntroductionStudent abrasion has been the concern of higher instruction notice for over 65 old ages, particularly in the United States. A hunt of the literature shows that, as far back as 1937. The U.S office of instruction conducted a survey of the factors lending to college pupil keeping and abrasion harmonizing to a survey conducted by Krause in 2005. And research into issues for freshman pupils has increased perceptibly over the last decennary in the U.S. , and Australia. This can be an declarative mood of the growing that has taken topographic point since the beginning of 1990s, particularly disproof and difference of higher instruction. This has provided the developed involvement in how freshman pupils needed to be sponsored and retained. This survey besides was conducted by Meer in 2009. As for a research survey conducted by Nelson, Duncan, and Clarke in 2009 was the behavior connexion of pupil enrollment in the five firs? ? ? twelvemonth that categorized as at hazard utilizin g the demand of non presenting their first assignment. Harmonizing to the three documents, I would wish to sum up and raise treatment on points sing the challenging of interaction during the first twelvemonth, designation and support of first twelvemonth university pupil at hazard of abrasion and serious idea about dropping out in first twelvemonth, tendencies, forms and deductions for higher instruction.FindingssAfter holding finished reading on three chief subjects for drumhead, I noticed the cardinal factors on research happening to take pupils to confront success and abrasion such as no idea of registration, fundss and resources, context of group activities work, benefit and interaction in learning to keep keeping, furthermore, accomplishment, clip direction, pupil satisfaction and deduction. Now looking at between success and abrasion of pupils, I want to raise some concern over the three subjects to retain pupil is environment of learning that can interact pupils in larning th rough group activities work. This scheme can take pupils have sense of troublesome opportunity and work outing job creatively that they could larn something new from this. Furthermore, sing on the necessity of active engagement and single relation in instruction and larning environing can fit pupils ‘ cognition of interrelatedness between coachs and other pupils. Freshman pupils have a demand for connexion with their equals and or learning staff in their acquisition motive for the first twelvemonth. Harmonizing to Krause ( twelvemonth ) keeping is most convenient inspiration in footings of the actions and duties of establishments. To research, pupils who have positive thought of learning seem to demo purpose to go on university. For other affects of pupils abrasion are holding no idea earnestly of registration because of there is non pre-test on assessment surveies for academic life that many plans operate without pre-test. Fundss and resources can besides be the factors to specify pupils ‘ abrasion due to pupils who commit to their surveies rely on single benefit by passing the higher instruction provided tuition at the start of their first twelvemonth purpose non to be more strongly to remain. Like, those pupils rely much on household as their chief income beginning at university is calculated to remain on at university. And sense of intent can be pupils ‘ committedness to analyze, and it is the importance in dividing possible and dropouts or continuity. Students who feel that being registered at university is merely finding clip which they make their head to future programs and seem to understan d dropping out than those who are expressed about causes of registration and intentional-enforced at university. Taking less clip on campus and in category, and more clip in acquiring paid occupation intend to be in line with critical believing about dropping out survey. Students who got a location in class of their first penchant and who seek themselves larning in a portion that persuade them are intentionally-purposed to go on. Looking at the success and abrasion from each paper, I want to sum up some cardinal factors that define the success and abrasion of pupils. Achievement and self-regulation can be the success for pupils non to drop out because of low attainment and implicit imaginativeness in the first twelvemonth are influential indexs of pupils who are willing to halt from university. Identical ideas about dropping out of university are seen as cogent evidence among those pupils who fail to do a smooth judgement to university, have hardness understanding class stuff, and experience unmanageable by all they have to make at university. Time direction is a factor in holding impact on how pupils can fix their clip and finding at university which can demo singular responsibility in compromising a field righteousness and affirmatory consequence in the first twelvemonth. Harmonizing to the information from the national survey researched by Krause et Al in 2005 pointed out that pupils who determine to higher instruction norm ( that is, more than 12.5 hours ) employment per hebdomad is willing to invariably believe about dropping out. This factor does non carry on in solitariness. However, in the survey, gaining the well-paid occupation scene was escorted by pupils refering over money and emotion that their occupation has influence on their academic dramatically at university. Students who work to confront societal demand and pay off current debts seem to discontinue than those who work for other grounds. Contrarily, those severely think of discontinuing their survey are significantly holding hardship version to university ways of lecture. One more ground for dropping out is student satisfaction that appears as a discontinuing force of per sisters in the first twelvemonth. They reply they gain assistance address in progress before they have association with the establishment when they selected topics to larn, in contrast, university ignore their outlook with satisfaction that so it gives their pleasing construct over discontinuing. On the other manus, deduction is still the major cause for pupils ‘ abrasion because deduction has several guidelines in covering with pupils on their course of study and holistic attack to engagement, structural elements of the readying when they need information and aid they are in or out of the category. Communication is needed for pupils to set them in feedback circle. This involved pupils in tripartite relationship between pupils, faculty members, and pupil support staff. Such a relation is beneficially attained when pupils have connexion with establishment before enrollment. It r efers to the establishment active cooperation with school and communities to acquire qualified pupils and raise their realisation over what to win at university before they get started.DiscussionTo my ain observation on the three paper sum-up, I feel that the above-named affairs are truly the exact concerns for pupils to accept the grade in higher instruction ; otherwise, pupils interaction with one another outside the schoolroom in the context of group work, included the determination suggested that coachs effectiveness in facilitating or transfusing connexion between coachs and pupils gives single internal realisation adequate making to pupils ‘ consequence. To avoid dropping out and to maintain pupils ‘ keeping from abrasion, fundss and resources are really economically supported pupils in good public presentation to perpetrate independently in larning successfully. Sense of intent besides helps pupils to believe mostly on traveling on their survey and accomplish prod uctively at the terminal of each term. This thought gives creative activity whether how they can make up one's mind without reluctance or backdown because of clearly-determined end in higher instruction. For other construct in accomplishing survey from dropping out is clip direction, for those who come to analyze at university intentionally may happen more clip or have free entree to academic advancement instead than coming to university without holding clip direction or face trouble in work load authorship and subjecting trial on required deadline. Satisfaction is a character linked between pupil and community acquisition, pupil learn best when they have aid from academic staff and acquire specific-regular advice from the topic they chose and they may go on to bask survey. Implication is the information for closely-related sense of intent, encouragement and self-regulatory attitude, where this information empower pupils happening the success and seeking non to drop out and deliberately analyze to make future calling end.DecisionAll in all, harmonizing to these three documents concentrate really much on how pupils achieve their survey in higher instruction and avoid dropping out to w hat it is the singular and concerned research on pupils abrasion for first twelvemonth at university, so to a paper researched by Nelson, Duncan, and Clarke ( 2009 ) raise many relevant points about the factors that can assist pupils larn successfully such as course of study, duty, engagement, and future way. These affiliated points can make up one's mind clearly whether first twelvemonth pupil come to category with well-prepared background or merely to pass clip by trusting on school whole plans to give them success in larning. As for a paper by Krause ( 2005 ) discussed about fundss and resources, sense of intent, accomplishment and self-regulation, clip direction, and pupil satisfaction are the most successful scene that determine pupils in acquisition and avoid dropping out due to their intentionally-enforced grounds on the above determination. For the last paper by Meer ( 2009 ) pointed out merely the interaction between pupils and coachs or academic staff, for this finding pup ils seem non to value instruction if they notice that they come to school without attending of personal relation between their equal and coachs. Make non see any comparing of methods used by each of the three surveies. Besides you focus on consequences of Krause survey but I see really small on consequences of the other two surveies. I have problem cognizing whether you truly understood the methods and consequences of the Nelson et Al and Meer articles. Your sentence construction makes it difficult to understand the points you want to do. I encourage you to compose simple, short sentences since authorship in a 2nd linguistic communication is hard. C- 60

MS PROGRAM IN COMPUTER SCIENCE Essays - Graduate School

BS/MS PROGRAM IN COMPUTER SCIENCE Essays - Graduate School BS/MS PROGRAM IN COMPUTER SCIENCE Application to the Program General Information The Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) of the University at Buffalo offers a program leading to the simultaneous conferral of a BS and MS degrees in Computer Science (CS). This program has several advantages over separately earning the BS (CS) degree then the MS (CS), 134 credit hours compared to 150 credit hours Opportunity to compete for graduate financial assistance before BS conferral Guaranteed admission to the Graduate School for students making satisfactory progress in the program. Students applying to the BS/MS Program in Computer Science can complete the combined program in five years. For the purposes of financial aid and tuition, students are considered graduate students in the beginning of their seventh semester of the program (the semester in which the student carries more graduate credits than UG credits). Students may apply after completing At least 56 credits A minimum GPA of 3.3 among all required CSE, MTH, and EAS courses. It is recommended that candidates complete CSE115, CSE116, CSE191, CSE241, CSE250, *MTH141, *MTH142, and a calculus-based probability or statistics course prior to applying. Transfer students must complete at least one semester at the university before applying to this program. Applications must be accompanied By two letters of recommendation from our CSE faculty and emailed/given to Donna Grant, CSE Undergraduate Advisor in 338R Davis Along with a current copy of your advising report. Applications are reviewed by the Director of Undergraduate Studies and Director Graduate Admissions. Applicants will be notified via email of the determination. *Unless exempted by an SAT score, Advanced Placement credits, or transfer credits. BS/MS PROGRAM APPLICATION To be completed by Applicant: 1. Name _________________________________ Date: ________________ 2. Person Number: _______________ 4. Email: _______________________ 5. CSE and Math courses completed with grades and number of credit hours: Cr. / Grade Cr. / Grade Cr. / Grade __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) __________ ( ) ( ) 6. CSE and Math courses being taken this semester: Cr. __________ ( ) __________ ( ) __________ ( ) ____________ ( ) Two letters of reference are required from CSE faculty, in which both general comments on the applicant's talent, training, and character, as well as specific comments on the suitability of the applicant for an accelerated program in C.S., is solicited. 7. First reference's name ___________________________________ 8. Second reference's name _________________________________ Please instruct your references to email their recommendation letter to [emailprotected] or provide their letter directly to me in hard copy. 9. Signature _______________________________ Date _______________ For office use only The above named student is approved for BS/MS program. Accepted ____________________ Denied ______________________ __________________________________ ______________________________ Atri Rudra, Ph.D. Tevfik Kosar, Ph.D. Director, Undergraduate Studies Director, Graduate Admissions *Updated 2/13/2014

Prime Minister John Turner Biography

Prime Minister John Turner Biography John Turner was a Prime Minister in waiting for too long. By the time John Turner had waited out the Trudeau era and was elected Leader of the Liberal Party to become Prime Minister in 1984, the country was fed up with the Liberal government. Turner himself seemed out of date and out of touch. He made a number of political gaffes, including calling an early election, and the Conservatives won a massive majority. For six years as Leader of the Opposition, John Turner fought, unsuccessfully, against free trade with the United States. Prime Minister of Canada 1984 Birth June 7, 1929, in Richmond, Surrey, England. John Turner came to Canada as a young child in 1932. Education BA - University of British ColumbiaRhodes Scholar, BA in Jurisprudence, BCL, MA - Oxford UniversityUniversity of Paris Profession Lawyer Political Affiliation Liberal Party of Canada Ridings (Electoral Districts) Over the years, Turner held ridings in three different provinces - Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. St-Laurent - St-Georges 1962-68Ottawa-Carleton 1968-76Vancouver Quadra 1984-93 Political Career of John Turner John Turner was first elected to the House of Commons in 1962.He was a Minister without Portfolio from 1965 to 1967, and Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs from 1967 to 1968.He ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1968 but lost to Pierre Trudeau.In 1968, John Turner became Solicitor General of Canada.He was Minister of Justice from 1968 to 1972.From 1972 to 1975, John Turner was Minister of Finance. In 1974, his second budget was voted down in the House of Commons, and a general election was called.The Liberals won the 1974 general election and John Turner was again appointed Minister of Finance.Unhappy with the job of Minister of Finance and the economic policy of the government, John Turner resigned in 1975 to return to the practice of law in Toronto.When Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau retired in 1984, John Turner was elected Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.John Turner was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada in 1984.A series of patronage appointments by both Pierre Trudeau and John Turner, and an electorate tired of 16 years of Liberal government led to a Conservative victory in the 1984 general election. Brian Mulroney became Prime Minister. John Turner stayed as Leader of the Opposition for six years from 1984 to 1990.He retired from politics in 1993 and returned to the practice of law.