Maxims and Masks: The Epigram in The Importance of Being Earnest Essay

Maxims and Masks The Epigram in The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde frames The Importance of Being Earnest almost the paradoxical epigram, a skewering metaphor for the plays central theme of division of truth and identity that hints at a homosexual subtext. Other targets of Wildes absurd yet grounded brainiac are the social conventions of his stuffy Victorian society, which are exposed as a shallow mask of manners (1655). Aided by clever wordplay, worked up misunderstanding, and dissonance of knowledge between the characters and the audience, devices that are now staples of contemporary theater and situation comedy, Earnest suggests that, especially in civilized society, we all lead persona lives that force upon us a variety of postures, an idea with which the closeted (until his public charge for sodomy) homosexual Wilde was understandably obsessed. The plays initial thrust is in its exploration of bisexual identities. Algernons and Jacks Bunburys initially function as separate geographic personas for the city and country, simple escapes from nagging social obligations. However, the homoerotic connotations of the punning name (even the double bus, which serve mostly an rhyming purpose, insinuate a union of similarities, and Bunbury rhymes with buggery, British slang for sodomy) flare up when paired with Algernons repeated assaults on marriage ALGERNON. ...She will place me next to bloody shame Farquhar, who always flirts with her own husband across the dinner table. That is not very pleasant. Indeed, it is not even decent ... and that sort of thing is enormously on the increase. The add together of women in London who flirt with their own husbands is perfectly scandalous. It looks so bad. It i... ... he was inextricably associated but from which he could just as easily distance himself via a pithy saying, but he treats the tension of homosexuality, his own mask, more seriously. Jack is never ready to admit his entrance into the Bunbury under world, and we never learn from Algernon the necessary rules of conduct. The embodiment of homosexuality as a characters double is not surprising - some critics argue that Dr. Jekyls evil counterpart, Mr. Hyde, has some homosexual leanings - as such a debatable and, perhaps, embarrassing topic can be more easily disguised and obscured in the murky depths of the doppelganger tale. Today, with scientific evidence backing an opinion that places individuals sexual preferences on a sliding scale from full heterosexuality to full homosexuality, the simple bifurcated view of sexuality in literature may soon be obsolete.

Nathaniel Hawthornes Puritan influences Essay -- good vs evil

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born into a family that possessed prominent puritan ancestors, and the shame he experienced as a result of their actions, as well as his odd fascination with them, had a significant impact on his life and his writings. Though it would be an overstatement to say that Hawthornes knowledge of the Puritan way of life was his only source of inspiration, this knowledge was certainly influential as it is often reflected in the majority of his work. Born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804, Hawthorne was born in a town whose Puritan past is well-known as a result of the infamous Salem witch trials. Though he was born well after the time of the Puritans, growing up in a town so steeped in Puritan history is likely wherefore his knowledge of Puritan life was so extensive (Means 1). The reason why Hawthorne was so interested in his Puritan ancestors of Salem was the fact that his great-great grandfather, John Hathorne, was a judge during the Salem witch trials. Al so, his great-great-great grandfather was a member of the General Court of Massachusetts and Hawthorne did extensive research into the punishments that his great-great-great grandfather placed upon the sinners of Salem (Barna 2). Hawthorne was so repulsed by these connections that when he began publishing his work he changed his surname to Hawthorne in place of his original surname of Hathorne. While some may argue that Hawthorne was confirming of Puritan doctrine, because of the fact that he often discussed the folly of sin and was viewed as being fairly conservative for seeing sin as an inherent tell apart of human nature, it is not true that he admired the ways of his Puritan ancestors. Hawthorne once stated that society should progress in a slower, calmer ma... ...ots, Fourth mutation (2010) 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 20 July 2015.Barna, Mark Richard. Nathaniel Hawthorne And The Unpardonable Sin.World & I 13.3 (1998) 324. MasterFILE Elite. Web. 8 July 2015.Hawthor ne, Nathaniel. The Ministers Black Veil. Eldritch Press, n.d. Web. 20 July 2015.Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York Penguin, 2003. Print.Manheim, Daniel. Pearls Golden chain in THE SCARLET LETTER. Explicator 68.3 (2010) 177-180. Literary Reference Center. Web. 20 July 2015.Means, Richard. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne (2006) 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 20 July 2015.Nathaniel Hawthorne. PoemHunter.com. PoemHunter.com, n.d. Web. 20 July 2015.Trepanier, Lee. The Need for Renewal Nathaniel Hawthornes Conservatism. Modern Age 45.4 (2003) 315-323. Wold History Collection. Web. 20 July 2015.

The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollo

The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The romance of sleepy Hollow In the early to mid-1800s, Washington Irving was an immensely popular writer heralded as one of the great American writers. Irvings importance lies especially in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the sketches in which he creates the vision of the alternate America(n). His critique of American society through his main characters-Rip and Ichabod-and the towns in which they live gives shape to an America not usually acknowledged by his contemporaries, and thus crucial to American literary studies today. J. Hector St. John De Crevecoeur, who created the most classical statement of American circa Irvings time, certainly would not. Indeed, it is Crevecoeurs type of America that Irving opposes. When viewed against the backdrop of Crevecoeurs definition of America, Irvings sketches portray a very different America-the other America. Irving will be comp ard with Crevecoeur in five main sections Buil ding the European, in which Crevecoeur claims that traces of Europe can be found throughout American society The Melting Pot, in which Crevecoeur states that the European influences are assimilated into an American whole, and creating a new society The American Stranger, in which Crevecoeur claims that no one is a stranger in America American Industry, which looks at the timbre of industry found in Americans and finally, People of the Soil, which deals with Americans ties with the land. In all of these sections, Crevecoeurs mainstream view of American will serve to show Irvings unique America. I. Building on the European When defining American, Crevecoeur is quick to point out ... ...ary on the Works of Washington Irving, 1860-1974. Ed. Andrew B. Myers. Tarrytown, NY Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1976. 330-42. Pochmann, Henry A. Irvings German Tour and its Influence on His Tales. PMLA 45 (1930) 1150-87. Ringe, Donald A. New York and New England Irvings Criticism of American Society. American Literature 38 (1967) 455-67. Rpt. in A Century of Commentary on the Works of Washington Irving, 1860-1974. Ed. Andrew B. Myers. Tarrytown, NY Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1976. 398-411. Rourke, Constance. American Humor A Study of the National Character. Garden City, NY Doubleday, 1931. Rubin-Dorsky, Jeffrey. The Value of Storytelling Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in the Context of The Sketch Book. newfangled Philology 82 (1985) 393-406.

Essay --

Andrew Almeidahuck Finn Self RelianceThis quote from Lauren Oliver speaks volumes on the mindset of Huck Finn Idrather die my way than live yours. Huck Finn is a young kid growing up in at a really chaotictime in America. Many ideas and bias are either forced upon him or he has no help butexperiencing. Rather than place up with this Huck decides he would be better off on hisown as opposed to trying to adapt to everyone elses standards. Living by him egotism terzetto tomany more challenges and opposing forces than a kid of only 13 should have to be facedwith. This lead to Huck being more raise than other kids his age because he had toconstantly rely on himself to solve his problems and come up with his own morales on whatis right(a) and wrong without the guidance from others.Along with how this changed Huck as aperson for better or worse.Huck Finn is a very independent character. Being without a mother figure and parentsof any loving leads him to have to grow up by himself. In doing so creating a character who isable to react and make decisions to help himself tug out of the cumulus he or his friends havegotten him into. Huck at such a young age is forced to look for jim to guidance on the riverbut Jim is no more educated than Huck is. This leads to Huck having to not only leadhimself but also try and take a leadership role to get Jim to safety. A great example ofwhere Huck is able to take his fate into his own hands by making an elaborate tale is whenhe is on shore dressed as a girl. He is caught in a lie but instead of risking the fate of Jimhe thinks quick and says I told her my father and mother was dead, and the law had boundme out to a mean old farmer in the country thirty mile back from the river, and he treated... ...hing because he is able to do it all himself. Nobody at thattime period in the south was willing to help him so he simply did what was right with nocaution as to whether not people would judge him Well, I did. I said I wouldnt, and Ill stickto it. Honest INJUN, I will. People would shriek me a lowdownAbolitionist and despise me forkeeping mumbut that dont make no difference. I aint agoingto tell, and I aint agoingback there, anyways. So, now, les know all about it. (8.52, 8.53). This self reliance andseparation from society is what allows Huck to be more accepting of new ideas andultimately is what makes this story takes place in the first place. Without Hucks selfreliance none of this ever would have been possible and Huck would have most likely neverleft the small town with his inebriate deadbeat father and slave owning Miss.Watson andMiss.Douglas.

Partnerships :: Business Work Job Essays

PartnershipsBusinesses and schools have been involved with each other since the late 1800s, and their relationship declare into partnerships since the late 1970s. However, the conditions in the United States in the early 1980s-the education crisis in public schools, the low skill level of entry-level workers, and the demands of an evolving economy-accelerated the development of these partnerships. Between 1983-1984 and 1987-88, the number of work/education partnerships rose from 42,200 to 140,800 (Grobe et al. 1993, p. 4). As they expanded in number, these partnerships also expanded in dimension, from simple one-to-one agreements to complex multiagency collaborative arrangements. This blowup of partners and agendas has resulted in an expansion of well-beings for all of the partners embracing the partnership goals. This Digestis designed to bring new perspective to an understanding of affair/education partnerships. Traditionally, these partnerships have been viewed from the persp ective of the benefits to education. This Digest highlights the ways in which partnering with education benefits business.History of PartnershipsInitially, educational partnerships were created by school system staff to foster school-community cooperation, provide incentives for students, supplement curriculum and staff, and obtain equipment (Clark 1992, p. 2). Business gains from these relationships were primarily in improved public relations and enhanced community image (Grobe et al. 1993). In the early 1980s, school reform reports called for changes that would ultimately transform the nature of education and business partnerships. Schools were faced with the neediness for educational reform measures that would better prepare a diverse student population for the higher order thinking and reasoning skills necessary in an increasingly knowledge-based, service-driven economy. Businesses were faced with the threat of an inadequately prepared work force that would jeopardize their co mpetition with other industrialized nations. Motivated to improve the faculty member and technical skills of the future work force, businesses and schools joined in partnerships of various sizes and types to achieve their common and separate goals.Types of PartnershipsThe type and nature of business/education partnerships vary depending upon the need the partnership is created to serve. In the one-to-one institutional partnership, the needs of one school and/or one business drive the agreement. Traditionally, business is the benefactor and the school the beneficiary. With this arrangement, schools benefit from the generosity of their business partners by receiving up-to-date equipment, incentives for student attendance and scholarship, and opportunities for students to learn about the real-world application of knowledge and skill. Businesses involvement in

Nursing Career Essay -- Career Choice

I believe that nursing is both and art and a science consisting of psychosocial and biological sciences that hightail it together to continually improve the health care field. I believe that with the knowledge and clinical experience from the TVCC ADN program I will be sufficient to provide the best care possible to the people in the community. As a nurse it is important to carry the attributes of being caring, compassionate, understanding, non judgmental, realistic, open-minded, honest, ethical, and moral. I also know that it is important to maintain sensitivity to all cultures when providing care. I believe that nursing care starts at the clients birth and continues throughout their life span. I believe t continued care includes heath promotion, health maintenance, teaching and end of life care. I...

Kite Runner

The kite travelner Literacy Es assert A single egress gage shape the rest of a life sea countersign. Redemption is a manner that makes up for the cause of the sin. The increase Runneris very much a tonic of redemption. The main computer address, emir, has to visualize a modal value to compensate himself after(prenominal) having betrayed Hassan. Sanaubar, likewise, essential find redemption. Baba resolves his late(prenominal) wrong-doingy by doing safe deeds First, amir redeems himself by steps into courage and rescues the son of his br some other Hassan Redemption is the act of saying or being saved from sin, error or evil, which the main character amir seems to need the most. emeer lives with the fault he has strengthened up over the historic period because of angiotensin converting enzyme incident from his childhood. emeers gravels words still echo by his headA male child who wont stand up for himself be accrues a objet dart who cant stand up to any invo lvement. Pg (24). Although amir overthrowed the lives of many the great unwashed, and he has had much(prenominal) than one opportunity to redeem himself of his guilt, he is non the selfish little boy he one time was. Before emir can go on the course to redemption, emir must realize that he cant go second and miscellany what he has make as a child, and he must find upcountry peace.Although if it was non for ameers actions as a child, Sohrab n ever would catch needed to be saved in the first base place save by saving Sohrab, the give-up the ghost piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. From the moment he chose to turn his posterior on Hassan, thither were many incurs whereTheres a way to be good one time again (238). For any his wrongdoings, however he chose not to constitute any of these. Sohrab was his last and except disaster for redemption. I surr wind uper a married woman in America, a home, a c argoner and a family. just now how could I pack up and go back home when my actions may have cost Hassan a chance at those very equal things? And what Rahim Khan revealed to me changed things. Made me see how my entire life, long forward the winter of 1975, dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nurse me, had been a cycle of lies betrayals and secrets (238). ameer finally became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Throughout his childhood, emir looked for his fathers affection and he never could get it. His father had utterIm apprisal you, Rahim, in that location is or sothing missing in that boy (24). ameers father would have been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had valued from him. The guilt that was built over the years was finally put to rest at the safety of Sohrab. In Afghanistaniistan when emir stood up for Sohrab and Assef aggressively raise up him up, Amir had verbalizeMy personify was broken unspoilt how badly I wouldnt find out until after alone I mat healed. Healed at last. I laughed. (289) which seeed Amir had total to terminal figures with what he had done as a child and was finally tangle relieved.Although he was getting beat up, it did not matter anymore, he near wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and maybe he would have earned his redemption in that alley. Second,In the refreshing Baba Seeks redemption by treating Hassan well and ever so remembering his birthday. Amir and Baba were planting tulips, when Amir had asked Baba if hed ever consider getting in the buff servants And Baba give tongue to Hassans not button anywhere, hed barked. Hes staying amend here with us, where he belongs. This is his home and were his family. He had wept, wept, when Ali announced he and Hassan were leaving us. (237) increase RunnerHuman beings be morally uncertain people. We argon neither rigorously evil nor strictly good, but often a mix. And maybe thats why many of us ar attracted to literature molds with morally am biguous characters such as The increase Runner by Khaled Hosseini. The Kite Runner was set in Kabul, Afghanistan, proceeds to United States during the Soviet sum invasion, and then the backcloth goes back to Kabul when the Taliban rises in power. In this novel, Amir, to whom the whole story of the bulk is centered around, is a morally ambiguous character.Amir is a Pashtun boy he betrays his relay transmitterly relationship with Hassan, a Hazara son of Amirs fathers servant. ungodliness haunts Amir for years all the said(prenominal) after he had leftover Kabul and locomote to United States. Amir is a morally ambiguous character because hes a coward, hes selfish, he betrays his friend and lies, but he excessively finds courage to face what he had done wrong and finds salvation. The first part of the concur The Kite Runner proves how Amir is not a purely good character.Amir often hangs out with the Hazara boy, Hassan and would tell Hassan that they are friends, but he stil l encounters hes above Hassan because Amir is Pashtun and Hazara people are considered on a lower floor the Pashtun people. Amir wouldnt hang out with Hassan when other Pashtun boys are with him, he also mocks the situation that Hassan cant read, not considering the fact that Hassan doesnt have the opportunity to get an education. Amir couldnt stand Hassans intelligence Amir had written a story close to how a mans tears turn into pearls when they fall into this magic cup, and the story ended with mans wife dead in his arms on a cud pile of pearls.When Hassan witnessd the story, he had enjoyed it, but he also tack togetherd a few questions that angered Amir, wherefore did the man fling off his wife? In fact, why did he ever have to be sad to shed tears? Couldnt he have effective smelled an onion plant? (p. 34). Amir was umbrageous because a mere Hazara boy who couldnt read had taught Amir something he, an educated boy, didnt figure out. These few examples that show how Ami r is tight and arrogant are nothing compared to what he does to Hassan later on.Assef is a Pashtun boy that truly hates Hazaras and desires that Hazaras should all disappear. When Amir catches Assef raping Hassan, instead of stepping in, Amir provides away and pretends nothing had happened. When guilt started eating Amir up and he couldnt stand facing Hassan because Hassan cues him of his cowardly action, he pinned a crime of thi any on Hassan in lay to have Hassan evicted from his house. The guerilla part of the book shows that Amir isnt purely evil despite what he has done.For a dapple, Amirs life is alter with the guilt of not saving Hassan from the rape and it kept Amir from being completely happy, flat though he open up the love of his life in America and got married. hence one day, Amirs fathers friend, Rhahim, called him to give him a chance to redeem himself. Theres a way to be good again (p. 226). Amir did find a way to be good again. Amir went back to Afghan to f ind Hassans son, Sohrab, to take him with Amir because Hassan and his wife had been shot to death on the street by the Taliban.Amir finds Sohrab with Assef and ends up getting into a physical fight with Assef. Amir basically lets Assef beat him up and while being beat up, Amir feels relieved. My body was broken just how badly I wouldnt find out until later but I felt healed. Healed at last (p. 289). Amir felt that he was being healed from the guilt that has been crawling beneath his skin every single day. He had betrayed his one and only friend, Hassan, lied, and destroyed a chance where Hassan might have left to United States with him and would still be alive.Amir felt that he finally got what he deserved and he felt much better, he had found salvation. And he had afterwards taken in Sohrab as his protest son. Amir had been a coward he had made selfish decisions and ruined Hassans live, but if he had been purely evil then he would not have felt guilt, nor would he have risked hi s life to bring back a mere Hazaras son. But he had been filled with guilt and he had gone to find Sohrab and save himself. And thus, Amir is a perfect example of a morally ambiguous character.Kite RunnerIn The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, tells a vivid story that demonstrates the governmental and religious distinction in Afghan society. Concerns about variation are reminded to the reader as one reads about the story of 2 Afghan boys. A major struggle is evident amidst the 2 groups in Afghanistan, the Pashtuns, and the Hazaras. Discrimination sets into place as we learn about the history amid the two family lines. On summon 9, Amir read from a book that says Pashtuns had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras the reason was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shia.This sets in the idea that the Pashtuns killed the Hazaras simply because they were not Sunni Muslims, resulting in the difference in society against the Hazaras. Throughout the nove l, there were many scenes of variation such as how Hassan was never invited to Amirs birthday parties, Assef constantly picking on Ali and Hassan as they are from a different class, and especially when Assef was raping Hassan. Assef believed that it was his right to rape Hassan because in his eyes, he was only a Hazara, an object which he can own and control.The Author Khaled Hosseini also utilize many literary devices to underline the effects of discrimination in society. This is shown on page 298 when Assef says Afghanistan is like a fair abidance littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage. This is a metaphorical device where Khaled Hosseini had Assef regard the garbage as the Hazaras. He also cl aboriginal portrayed Assef in terms of being Hitler by having the same ethnic and political views.Another technique the author used to show discrimination was on page 380 when General Taheri says they go forth want to realise why there is a Hazara boy living w ith my daughter. This is when the General begins to question Amirs actions. This shows that even a likeable character like the General, has a nastier side and that even he would show discrimination. More importantly, this depicts the common prejudice in society. Discrimination, racism, prejudice, these are themes that people tend to avoid discussing about.Discrimination is all over everybody knows about it as it is happening, yet nobody says anything to stop it. This reminds me of a book I once read called How To Kill A Mockingbird. To sum it all up, a black man was accused of raping a white daughter, and although the man was clearly innocent, the jury ultimately decided to convict the man, because he was an African American descent. This illustrates how discrimination is like a poison gas it is easily contractable and affects everybody in the community, clouding our judgments.In the novel, I read a passage that I found very bizarre. It was on page 27 when Amir says the curious thing was, I never belief of Hassan and me as friends either but we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or religion was going to change that either. I found this to be strange because Amir seems to be contradicting himself, making this a paradox because no summate of history, ethnicity, or society, can change the fact that Amir and Hassan a good deal spent all their childhood moments together, making them friends, if not, best friends.Another powerful passage in the novel was on page 169 when Baba says we may be hardheaded and I know were far too proud, but, in the hour of need, believe me that theres no one youd rather have at your side than a Pashtun. This perplexing reference makes me wonder if even Baba represents prejudice in civilization. This also makes me work out that Baba believes you want a Pashtun at your side only if youre a Pashtun and likewise to Hazaras. This shows the segregation and ethnic problems that constantly crawl its way up to the surface.Year after year, discrimination once again sets foot into society. Weve all believed discrimination would disappear after Martin Luther Kings speech, but unmistakably, discrimination is like a spark of flame that refuses to go out. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini used many tactics to show that every character tell aparts against others, representing society. This is evident on page 27 when Amir says in the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara.I was Sunni, and he was a Shia, and nothing was going to change that. This shows that despite the fact that Amir and Hassan are really close, social prejudice sets foot once again, demonstrating that it can even influence children. I wonder why society discriminates against other cultures. Is it because it makes them feel that their culture is superior? Or peradventure it satisfies people by visual perception others in emotional pain. From this point forward, I understand that the world is fi lled with discrimination, which must now be stop.People have believed that as long as there are people of different background and culture, discrimination would live on. I believe that discrimination only lives because we want it to. People are afraid(predicate) of others from different cultures simply because they might not share the same customs, which s bangs some of us. However, if people can look past the differences disconnecting us all, then civilization would be able to coexist harmoniously with others from a different race, thus, ending this long lasting cooking stove of discrimination.Kite RunnerIn The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, tells a vivid story that demonstrates the political and religious discrimination in Afghan society. Concerns about discrimination are reminded to the reader as one reads about the story of two Afghan boys. A major struggle is evident amidst the two groups in Afghanistan, the Pashtuns, and the Hazaras. Discrimination sets into place as we learn about the history between the two family lines. On page 9, Amir read from a book that says Pashtuns had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras the reason was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shia.This sets in the idea that the Pashtuns killed the Hazaras simply because they were not Sunni Muslims, resulting in the discrimination in society against the Hazaras. Throughout the novel, there were many scenes of discrimination such as how Hassan was never invited to Amirs birthday parties, Assef constantly picking on Ali and Hassan as they are from a different class, and especially when Assef was raping Hassan. Assef believed that it was his right to rape Hassan because in his eyes, he was only a Hazara, an object which he can own and control.The Author Khaled Hosseini also used many literary devices to emphasize the effects of discrimination in society. This is shown on page 298 when Assef says Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage , and someone has to take out the garbage. This is a metaphoric device where Khaled Hosseini had Assef regard the garbage as the Hazaras. He also clearly portrayed Assef in terms of being Hitler by having the same ethnic and political views.Another technique the author used to show discrimination was on page 380 when General Taheri says they will want to know why there is a Hazara boy living with my daughter. This is when the General begins to question Amirs actions. This shows that even a likeable character like the General, has a nastier side and that even he would show discrimination. More importantly, this depicts the common prejudice in society. Discrimination, racism, prejudice, these are themes that people tend to avoid discussing about.Discrimination is everywhere everybody knows about it as it is happening, yet nobody says anything to stop it. This reminds me of a book I once read called How To Kill A Mockingbird. To sum it all up, a black man was accused of raping a whi te daughter, and although the man was clearly innocent, the jury ultimately decided to convict the man, because he was an African American descent. This illustrates how discrimination is like a poison gas it is easily contagious and affects everybody in the community, clouding our judgments.In the novel, I read a passage that I found very bizarre. It was on page 27 when Amir says the curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either but we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or religion was going to change that either. I found this to be strange because Amir seems to be contradicting himself, making this a paradox because no amount of history, ethnicity, or society, can change the fact that Amir and Hassan practically spent all their childhood moments together, making them friends, if not, best friends.Another powerful passage in the novel was on page 169 when Baba says we may be hardheaded and I know were far too pro ud, but, in the hour of need, believe me that theres no one youd rather have at your side than a Pashtun. This perplexing reference makes me wonder if even Baba represents prejudice in civilization. This also makes me think that Baba believes you want a Pashtun at your side only if youre a Pashtun and likewise to Hazaras. This shows the segregation and ethnic problems that constantly crawl its way up to the surface.Year after year, discrimination once again sets foot into society. Weve all believed discrimination would disappear after Martin Luther Kings speech, but unmistakably, discrimination is like a spark of flame that refuses to go out. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini used many tactics to show that every character discriminates against others, representing society. This is evident on page 27 when Amir says in the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara.I was Sunni, and he was a Shia, and nothing was going to change that. This shows that despite the fact that A mir and Hassan are really close, social prejudice sets foot once again, demonstrating that it can even influence children. I wonder why society discriminates against other cultures. Is it because it makes them feel that their culture is superior? Or perhaps it satisfies people by seeing others in emotional pain. From this point forward, I understand that the world is filled with discrimination, which must now be stopped.People have believed that as long as there are people of different background and culture, discrimination would live on. I believe that discrimination only lives because we want it to. People are afraid of others from different cultures simply because they might not share the same customs, which scares some of us. However, if people can look past the differences disconnecting us all, then civilization would be able to coexist harmoniously with others from a different race, thus, ending this long lasting chain of discrimination.Kite RunnerFriendship Sometimes, up in t hose trees, I talked Hassan into firing walnuts with his slingshot at the neighbors one-eyed German shepherd. Hassan never wanted to, but if I asked, really asked, he wouldnt refuse me. Hassan never denied me anything. And he was sulfurous with his slingshot. Hassans father, Ali, used to catch us and get mad, or as mad as someone as gentle as Ali could ever get. He would batting order his finger and wave us down from the tree. He would take the mirror and tell us what his mother had t centenarian him, that the devil shone mirrors too, shone them to distract Muslims during prayer. And he laughs while he does it, he al ways added, beetle-browed at his son. Yes, Father, Hassan would mumble, looking down at his feet. But he never told on me. Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbors dog, was always my idea. But we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or religion was going to change that either. I spent most of the first twelve years of my life contend with Hassan.Sometimes, my entire childhood seems like one long lazy summer day with Hassan, chasing each other between tangles of trees in my fathers yard, playing hide-and-seek, cops and robbers, cowboys and Indians, insect torture with our crowning achievement undeniably the time we plucked the stinger off a bee and tied a range around the deplorable thing to yank it back every time it took flight believe of something good, Baba said in my ear. Something happy. Something good. Something happy. I let my mind wander. I let it contract Friday afternoon in Paghman.An open field of grass speckled with mulberry trees in blossom. Hassan and I stand ankle-deep in untamed grass, I am tugging on the line, the spool spinning in Hassans calloused hands, our eyes off up to the kite in the sky. Not a word passes between us, not because we have nothing to say, but because we dont have to say anything thats how it is between people who are each others first memories, people who have fed from the same breast. A breeze stirs the grass and Hassan lets the spool roll. The kite spins, dips, steadies. Our twin shadows dance on the rippling grass.From somewhere over the low brick wall at the other end of the field, we hear chatter and laughter and the chirping of a water fountain. And music, some thing old and familiar, I think its Ya Mowlah on rubab strings. Someone calls our names over the wall, says its time for tea and cake Next to me, Sohrab was breathing rapidly through his nose. The spool rolled in his palms, the tendons in his scarred wrists like rubab strings. Then I blinked and, for just a moment, the hands holding the spool were the chipped-nailed, calloused hands of a harelipped boy.I heard a crow cawing somewhere and I looked up. The park shimmered with snow so fresh, so dazzling white, it burned my eyes. It sprinkled soundlessly from the branches of white-clad trees. I smelled turnip qurma now. Dried mulberries. Sour ora nges. Sawdust and walnuts. The subdue quiet, snow-quiet, was deafening. Then far away, across the stillness, a role calling us home, the voice of a man who dragged his right leg Quote 1Sometimes, up in those trees, I talked Hassan into firing walnuts with his slingshot at the neighbours one-eyed German shepherd.Hassan never wanted to, but if I asked, really asked, he wouldnt deny me. Hassan never denied me anything. And he was deadly with his slingshot. Hassans father, Ali, used to catch us and get mad, or as mad as someone as gentle as Ali could ever get. He would wag his finger and wave us down from the tree. He would take the mirror and tell us what his mother had told him, that the devil shone mirrors too, shone them to distract Muslims during prayer. And he laughs while he does it, he always added, scowling at his son. Yes, Father, Hassan would mumble, looking down at his feet.But he never told on me. Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbors dog, wa s always my idea. (2. 2-3) This passage shows up early in the novel and really tells us quite a bit about Amir and Hassans acquaintance. Hassan protects and defends Amir and, foreshadowing later events in the novel, refuses to tell on Amir. (Hassan will later take the blame for the wad of cash and the watch. ) We should also note that Amir seems like the gang leader in this passage, getting the two boys into trouble. Does Amir control the relationship? Is this why Hassan often takes the blame for things?Does Amir ever take responsibility for anything in the novel? Quote 2Then he Ali would remind us that there was a brotherhood between people who had fled from the same breast, a kinship that not even time could break. Hassan and I fed from the same breasts. We took our first steps on the same lawn in the same yard. And, under the same roof, we spoke our first words. Mine was Baba. His was Amir. My name. Theres a primal closeness between Amir and Hassan. Later, well find out the two boys have the same father, but notice how Hosseini is laying the groundwork for that revelation.The two boys might as well be brothers they learn to walk together, they learn to speak together, and they feed from the same breast. Which brings up an interesting question What does Rahim Khans revelation that Amir and Hassan are half-brothers really change? Arent the two already brothers in everything? Or does blood fundamentally change Amirs relationship with Hassan? Quote 3Ali and Baba grew up together as childhood playmates at to the lowest degree until poliomyelitis crippled Alis leg just like Hassan and I grew up a generation later.Baba was always telling us about the mischief he and Ali used to cause, and Ali would shake his head and say, But, Agha sahib, tell them who was the architect of the mischief and who the poor laborer? Baba would laugh and throw his arm around Ali. But in none of his stories did Baba ever refer to Ali as his friend. (4. 2-3) Baba and Alis friends hip parallels Amir and Hassans on a number of levels. First, as this passage indicates, theres a similar pattern of leadership (and power) both Baba and Amir have dominant roles in each friendship.And, lest you forget, Baba betrays Ali much like Amir betrays Hassan. As they say, two peas in a pod. Or, maybe it would be four peas in a pod. Were not sure. Anyways, after Amir learns that Baba lied to him for years, he says Baba and I were more alike than Id ever known. We had both betrayed the people who would have given their lives for us (18. 7). Four peas in a pod. Quote 4But we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or religion was going to change that either. I spent most of the first twelve years of my life playing with Hassan.Sometimes, my entire childhood seems like one long lazy summer day with Hassan, chasing each other between tangles of trees in my fathers yard, playing hide-and-seek, cops and robbers, cowboys and Indians, insect to rture with our crowning achievement undeniably the time we plucked the stinger off a bee and tied a string around the poor thing to yank it back every time it took flight. (4. 6) Amir lays out the opposing argument just prior to this paragraph. In it, he says ethnicity will always define a relationship.We believe Hosseini really wants us to grapple with Amirs contradictory stances Does Amirs friendship with Hassan ever get past history, ethnicity, society, and religion? Later, Amir will justify his cowardice in the alleyway by asking himself if he really has to defend Hassan (since Hassan is a Hazara). Does Amir ever get past his prejudices? Were really not sure about this one. Hosseini devotes the entire novel to this question. Quote 5I know, he said, breaking our embrace. Inshallah, well celebrate later. Right now, Im going to run that blue kite for you, he said.He dropped the spool and took off running, the hem of his green chapan dragging in the snow behind him. Hassan I calle d. Come back with it He was already turning the street corner, his rubber boots kicking up snow. He stopped, turned. He cupped his hands around his mouth. For you a thousand times over he said. Then he smiled his Hassan smile and disappeared around the corner. The next time I saw him smile unabashedly like that was twenty-six years later, in a faded Polaroid photograph. (7. 52-54) Yet again, Hassan demonstrates his committedness and devotion to Amir.If we were to judge Amir and Hassans friendship by actions and not simply expressions of fealty, the score would be pretty lopsided. (Of course, Amir saves Hassans son at the end of the book from a pathological pedophile so that counts for something. ) We also want to point out the irony in Hassans reply For you a thousand times over Amir will develop a pretty nasty case of insomnia as the guilt piles up in spite of appearance him. Really, Amir returns to the alleyway thousands of times in his memory before he comes to peace with h is cowardice.And so the phrase a thousand times over is dingy with some pretty devastating irony. Yes, Hosseini is using irony again. Quote 6Assef But before you sacrifice yourself for him, think about this Would he do the same for you? look at you ever wondered why he never includes you in games when he has guests? Why he only plays with you when no one else is around? Ill tell you why, Hazara. Because to him, youre nothing but an ugly pet. Something he can play with when hes bored, something he can kick when hes angry. Dont ever fool yourself and think youre something more. Amir agha and I are friends, Hassan said. He looked flushed. Friends? Assef said, laughing. You poor fool Someday youll wake up from your little fantasy and learn just how good of a friend he is. Now, bas Enough of this. Give us that kite. (7. 106-108) This is a fairly complex scene. Assef, before he assaults and rapes Hassan, asks Hassan whether he really wants to sacrifice himself for Amir. We know Amir is listening in and watching this exchange between Assef and Hassan. In a way, Assefs speech is not prophetic but descriptive Amir is abandoning Hassan right now.However, we wonder if Assefs description is inaccurate. Is Assef describing his own relationship with Hazaras or Amirs with Hassan? Sure, sometimes Amir does cruel things to Hassan, but he also reads to Hassan and spends almost all his free time with Hassan. Amir may hesitate to call Hassan his friend, but perhaps thats because neither friend nor servant really describes Hassan. Brother might do the trick, but Amir has no idea at this point. Quote 7Think of something good, Baba said in my ear. Something happy. Something good. Something happy.I let my mind wander. I let it come Friday afternoon in Paghman. An open field of grass speckled with mulberry trees in blossom. Hassan and I stand ankle-deep in untamed grass, I am tugging on the line, the spool spinning in Hassans calloused hands, our eyes turned up to the kite in the sky. Not a word passes between us, not because we have nothing to say, but because we dont have to say anything thats how it is between people who are each others first memories, people who have fed from the same breast. A breeze stirs the grass and Hassan lets the spool roll.The kite spins, dips, steadies. Our twin shadows dance on the rippling grass. From somewhere over the low brick wall at the other end of the field, we hear chatter and laughter and the chirping of a water fountain. And music, some thing old and familiar, I think its Ya Mowlah on rubab strings. Someone calls our names over the wall, says its time for tea and cake. (10. 73-75) You need some context for this quote. Baba and Amir are on their way to Pakistan, but theyre not traveling by taxi or bus. Theyre in the belly of an oil tanker along with dozens of other Afghans.Baba tells Amir to think of something good, something happy. So what does Amir think of? His childhood with Hassan. We believe this passage proves Amirs (brotherly) love for Hassan. Notice that Amir doesnt recall a special moment with Baba, or even his books or poetry. He thinks of Hassan. Quote 8Lying awake in bed that night, I thought of Soraya Taheris sickle-shaped birthmark, her gently hooked nose, and the way her luminous eyes had fleetingly held mine. My face stuttered at the thought of her. (11. 104) Soraya doesnt sound that hot here.From Hosseinis description, we picture the witch in Sleeping Beauty her nose is hooked like a scythe, and her eyes are glowing in a potion-induced mania. However, we do think Sorayas sickle-shaped birthmark should remind you of someone else in the book. Give up? Thats right Hassan. (Hassan has a harelip. ) Why do you think Hosseini compare these two characters through their physical features? What else do they have in common? Quote 9When we got to Kabul, I Rahim Khan discovered that Hassan had no bearing of moving into the house. But all these rooms are mpty, Hassan jan. No one is going to live in them, I said. But he would not. He said it was a matter of ihtiram, a matter of respect. He and Farzana moved their things into the hut in the backyard, where he was born. I pleaded for them to move into one of the guest bedrooms upstairs, but Hassan would hear nothing of it. What will Amir agha think? he said to me. What will he think when he comes back to Kabul after the war and finds that I have assumed his place in the house? Then, in mourning for your father, Hassan wore black for the next forty days. (16. 4-25) You may be confused by the voice here. Its actually not Amir Rahim Khan gets one chapter in the book. Rahim Khan recounts his trip to Hazarajat to find Hassan and bring him back to the house in Kabul. When Hassan does move back to the house with Rahim Khan, he refuses to live where Baba and Amir lived. Does Hassans refusal suggest that Hassan is only Amirs servant and the two never achieved an equal friendship? (Side question Does Hassan sense on so me unconscious level Babas true relationship to him? Is that why he mourns Baba for forty days? )Quote 10Next to me, Sohrab was breathing rapidly through his nose. The spool rolled in his palms, the tendons in his scarred wrists like rubab strings. Then I blinked and, for just a moment, the hands holding the spool were the chipped-nailed, calloused hands of a harelipped boy. I heard a crow cawing somewhere and I looked up. The park shimmered with snow so fresh, so dazzling white, it burned my eyes. It sprinkled soundlessly from the branches of white-clad trees. I smelled turnip qurma now. Dried mulberries. Sour oranges. Sawdust and walnuts. The muffled quiet, snow-quiet, was deafening.Then far away, across the stillness, a voice calling us home, the voice of a man who dragged his right leg. (25. 150) We think this is one of the most beautiful passages in the book. Hosseini moves effortlessly between the past and present. Sohrab becomes Hassan, and the park in Fremont, California be comes a snow-quiet Kabul. The smells of Kabul mix with the smells of the New Year celebration in the park. Perhaps, at least in the space of this passage, Amir does find peace. America allowed Amir to escape his past for so many years but, in this moment, the two homelands merge.Ali calls Amir home, and Amir doesnt seem to mind. ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION THE KITE RUNNER REVISION - Top of Form zainboThreads 1 Posts 3 Author Zain Mehdi Edited by zainbo Mar 11, 2012, 1258pm 1 The topic of the Essay is After reading the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, do you think Amir has found redemption in things hes done. If so, please explain how I wrote this essay based on the events that took place in the novel. Each paragraph must have a quote from the book and Ive included that.I just need to see if my essay is well written, correct grammar and other little mistakes. Please and thank you. ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION In a lifetime, everyone will face personal battles and guilt, some larg e and some small. Such as guilt over sneaking out, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. People find peace of mind through redeeming themselves, in other words, we do something that makes up for the cause of guilt. Khaled Hosseinis novel The Kite Runner revolves around betrayal and redemption.Redemption is the act of saying or being saved from sin, error or evil, which the main character Amir seems to need the most. Amir lives with the guilt he has built up over the years because of one incident from his childhood. Amirs fathers words still echo through his head A boy who wont stand up for himself becomes a man who cant stand up to anything. ? pg. 24 Although Amir destroyed the lives of many people, and he has had more than one opportunity to redeem himself of his guilt, he is not the selfish little boy he once was. How often does one stop and think, How will this affect everyone else in my life? Amir had a chance in the alley, to put Hassan first and chan ge the path of both their lives, but he made the decision to turn around and run because it was what he thought was best for him I had one last chance to make a decision. whiz final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan ? the way hed stood up for me all those times in the past ? and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me.I was afraid of getting hurt. Thats what I told myself as I turned my back to the alley, to Hassan. Thats what I made myself believe. I actually aspired to cowardice, because the alternative, the real reason I was running, was that Assef was right Nothing was free in this world. Maybe Hassan was the price I had to pay, the lamb I had to slay, to win Baba. ? pg. 77 Amirs selfish ways were a result of the lack of his fathers affection in his life. As a young boy, he was forced to deal with his fathers disinterest in him, which made him incredibly jealous of Hassan.Amir could not understand at the time, why his father adored his servants son more than his own son. As the tension increases between Amir and Hassan, Amir can no longer stand to see Hassan everyday because of what Amir had not stopped and he could not bare seeing his father showing Hassan love and not him. Hassan and his father are forced to leave their home after Amir places his watch under Hassans pillow and accuses him of stealing it. Hassan did not even deny the accusations because he had figured out what Amir was doing. Hassan knew.He knew I had betrayed him and yet he was rescuing me once again, maybe for the last time. ? pg. 111 Even after the alleged theft of the watch, Amirs father is willing to forgive Hassan, which stunned Amir, and made him see that the love his father has for Hassan is great than he imagined. Amir did not just ruin Hassans life he also ruined the lives of many people with his decisions after the incident in the alley. Baba garbled a chance to watch his son, Hassan, grow up and also lost the chance to bring him to America so he could start a new life.Sohrab lost both his parents to war because they were still living in Afghanistan, lost his childhood to war, and tried to commit suicide as a result of Amir going back on his promise to keep him safe from orphanages. Soraya lost her right to the truth when Amir kept his past a secret even though she opened up to him about hers. It is one thing to destroy your own life with guilt, but it is a completely different issue when you destroy the lives of others. Before Amir can go on the road to redemption, Amir must realize that he cant go back and change what he has done as a child, and he must find inner peace.Although if it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place but by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. From the moment he ch ose to turn his back on Hassan, there were many chances where Theres a way to be good again ? pg. 238 for all his wrongdoings, but he chose not to take any of these. Sohrab was his last and only chance for redemption. I have a wife in America, a home, a career and a family. But how could I pack up and go back home when my actions may have cost Hassan a chance at those very same things?And what Rahim Khan revealed to me changed things. Made me see how my entire life, long before the winter of 1975, dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nursing me, had been a cycle of lies betrayals and secrets. ? pg. 238 Amir admits that he cost Hassan a chance at a good life and that he had many opportunities to change the outcome of Hassans life. But at this moment he realized he could lose everything he has built in America, but for the first time in his life, Amir did not care about only himself, he came to terms with what he had done, and he was ready to redeem himself at any cost.Amir finally became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Throughout his childhood, Amir looked for his fathers affection and he never could get it. His father had said Im telling you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy. ? pg. 24 Amirs father would have been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had wanted from him. The guilt that was built over the years was finally put to rest at the safety of Sohrab. In Afghanistan when Amir stood up for Sohrab and Assef aggressively beat him up, Amir had said My body was broken? ust how badly I wouldnt find out until later? but I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. ? pg. 289 which showed Amir had come to terms with what he had done as a child and was finally felt relieved. Although he was getting beat up, it did not matter anymore, he just wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and maybe he would have earned his redemption in that alley. Jennyflower81Threads Posts 884 Author Jennifer Reeve s 85 Mar 11, 2012, 0217pm 2 Such as guilt over sneaking out, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. Not a full doom.You could start this sentence with Guilt can stem from People find peace of mind when they redeem themselves, in other words, they do something that makes up for the cause of their guilt. Amir had a chance in the alley, to put Hassan first and change the path of both their lives, but he made the decision to turn around and run because it was what he thought was best for him I would break up this sentence into 2 sentences, because it is a bit too long, it would be easier to read if it was in 2 shorter sentences. Amirs selfish ways resulted from the lack of his fathers affection in his life.At the time, Amir could not understand why his father adored his servants son more than his own son. As the tension increases between Amir and Hassan, Amir can no longer stand to see Hassan everyday because of what Amir had not stopped and he could not bare seeing his father showing Hassan love and not him. Right here, you begin writing in present tense, when the beginning of the essay is written in past tense, be sure to stay consistent with this, it makes your paper easier to read that way. zainboThreads 1 Posts 3 Author Zain Mehdi Thank you, any more updates? Jennyflower81Threads Posts 884 Author Jennifer Reeves 85 Mar 11, 2012, 0504pm 4 Amir did not just ruin Hassans life he also ruined the lives of many people with his decisions after the incident in the alley can buoy you be more specific about how exactly did he ruin Hassans life? This is kinda vague. Another example of a life ruined is that of Soraya- you say Soraya lost her right to the truth when Amir kept his past a secret even though she opened up to him about hers I dont know if this is her life being ruined, although she was wronged.How did this ruin her life? Clarify this. but it is a completely different problem when you destroy the lives of others. Although i f it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place but by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. This sentence is long and confusing, I would make it into 2 shorter sentences. Amir admits that he cost Hassan the chance at a good life and that he had many opportunities to change the outcome of Hassans life.At this moment, he realizes he could lose everything he has built in America, but for the first time in his life, Amir did not only care about himself, he came to terms with what he had done, and he was ready to redeem himself at any cost. chalumeau ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION? During their lifetime, most people face guilt some appropriate some inappropriate. Redemption is a way that makes up for the cause of the guilt. In Khaled Hosseinis novel, The Kite Runner, the theme revolves around betrayal and redemption. I looked up the word redemption in The Kite Runner p. 5, All I saw was the blue kit e. All I smelled was victory. Salvation. Redemption. If Baba was wrong and there was a beau ideal like they said in school, then Hed let me win. I didnt know what the other guy was playing for, maybe just bragging rights. Important quote. p 231, And from this one last chance at redemption. What is going on here? My body was broken? just how badly I wouldnt find out until later? but I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. ? pg. 289 Good quote you found. Salvation is when God saves you. Redemption may be part of salvation, but redemption also has a place separate from the Divine.After doing a wrong, a person may be deliver by performing some act, or saying something, or fighting for (or against) someone. You know how they say, beauty is in the eye of the beholder? Redemption is in the eye of the wronged party. Its why you hear phrases such as, redeemed in her eyes. You cant be redeemed without permission. Hopefully, the wronged party accuses the right person, and the right pe rson knows what wrong was committed. Otherwise, you have a very confusing situation for all parties. One that cannot be redeemed. Ever. Try writing your essay again with the theme of redemption as the main focus.Try to answer these questions 1) What wrongs were committed? Pick the best 3 wrongs he committed. You partially explained these. 2) What does Amir think about redemption? Why does he seek it? Usually a person feels badly about something, or the other party is making his life miserable enough to cause him to cry, ___ 3) What action or words support him receiving redemption? 4) What action or words deny him redemption? 5) At the end is he redeemed? In the eyes of the wronged party? Did the wronged party (parties) know the truth that the reader knows? Does he feel redeemed?Did he know the same truth as everyone else? For the record, Ive never read The Kite Runner. I dont have a copy of the novel either. I wanted to try to help you focus and organize your essay. Ive written man y A-essays over the years. zainboThreads 1 Posts 3 Author Zain Mehdi Mar 12, 2012, 0837pm 6 thanks, ill try to work on it Essay Forum / Literature Review / Unanswered this forum / Featured / Similar Bottom of Form Similar discussions * Michigan Supplement. Kite Runner * The Kite Runner A Marxist Perspective * The Kite Runner Thesis Statement * HELP Kite Runner Essay on Father/ news relationship * Persuasive essay on The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini + The Devil in the White City * The redemption of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities * Run after the kite common app essay * UC Essay I am a runner, track and cross-country * Developing Runners lookout Common App Essay for Stanford * Morality and Responsibility essay (connection between Frankenstein and Blade runner) Random MSW Essay on Parent Advocacy- Child Protective Services The discrimination theme in The Kite Runner helps explain? DiscriminationThe Kite Runner tackles the issue of ethnic discrimination in Afghanistan wit h an example of the relationship between Pashtuns and Hazaras. Babas father sets an example for him of being kind to Hazara people, even though they are historically demeaned and persecuted. He could have easily sent Ali to an orphanage after his parents death, but chose to raise him in his household. Baba does the same with Hassan, although this is complicated by the fact that Hassan is actually his son. Even in Babas house, the house of best intentions, the class barrier between the Pashtuns and Hazaras endures.Ali is as respectable to Baba as a brother he calls him family. But Ali still lives in a hut and sleeps on a mattress on the floor. He tends the garden, cooks, and cleans up after Baba, and raises Hassan to do the same. So strong is Hassans identity as a servant that even as an adult, when Baba is gone, he has no sense of entitlement. He insists on staying in the hut and doing housework. When Hassan dies defending Babas house, he does so not because he feels it belongs to him, but because he is being loyal to Baba and Amir.In Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, discrimination is everywhere and nowhere at the same time. On the one hand, the Taliban do not seem to care whom they are beating, torturing, or executing. Children like Sohrab and grandmothers like Sanaubar are all susceptible to the Talibans cruelty. In this way, the Talibs discriminate against everyone but themselves. As Amir notices, Assef forces Sohrab to dance to music for his enjoyment dancing and listening to music have long been banned. Amir thinks, I guessed music wasnt prankish as long as it played to Taliban ears. On another level, the Taliban discriminate specifically against the Hazara people. They massacre the Hazaras not only in Mazar-i-Sharif, but in the arena of Hazarajat and nearly anywhere else they can find them. Assef and his fellows do not see the Hazaras lives as worthwhile they barely see them as human. Assef tells Amir, Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage. wish his idol, Hitler, he feels entitled to killing those he deems unworthy of living in his land.He even relishes the term ethnic cleansing because it goes so well with his garbage metaphor. Hosseini has mentioned in interviews that his focus on discrimination in The Kite Runner angers some Afghans, who feel it is inappropriate. Like Baba, many people do not mention the Hazaras history of persecution. Perhaps these people are so uncomfortable with this topic because by having Assef appear in pre-Taliban times and emerge as a leading Talib, Hosseini shows that the Talibans persecution of the Hazaras and other Shiites is not new, but a greatly intensified outgrowth of long-held discrimination.In The Kite Runner friendship is a recurring theme, particularly in terms of how friendship is experienced between different social classes and castes. This is explored in the relationships between Baba and Amir who are Pashtun and Ali and Hassan who are Hazara. A central issue in the novel is how friendship is experienced, understood and expressed between social unequals when they have been pushed together by circumstances (Babas fathers adoption of Ali meant he and Baba grew up from boyhood together, followed by Amir and Hassan sharing their entire childhoods in the same house, despite their very different stance within the household. Amir constantly reflects on the question of friendship But in none of his stories did Baba ever refer to Ali as his friend. The curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either. Not in the usual sense anyhowBecause history isnt easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shia and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing. When questioned by Assef about his friendship with a Hazara Amir admits But hes not my friend I almost blurted. Hes my servant Had I really thought that? Of course I hadnt . I hadnt. I treated Hassan well, just like a friend, better even, more like a brother. Hassan regards Amir as his friend and shows it by his unfailing loyalty which is indicative of his awareness of the unequal power in the relationship. Amir is bothered by Hassans unfailing loyalty and self denial on his behalf. For you a thousand times over is the repeated phrase expressive of this loyalty and we note how it is this phrase which finally comes from Amir himself at the end of the novel.Hassans loyalty is brought out by Assefs remarks before he assaults him Before you sacrifice yourself for him, think about this Would he do the same for you? to him, youre nothing more but an ugly pet. Something he can play with when hes bored, something he can kick when hes angry Hassan then says that he and Amir are friends, a remark which is again cynically rebuffed. The retrieved kite symbolises the strength of Hassans loyalty this is in sharp contrast to the cowardice and disloyalty that Amir is about to show. However, Hassan never ceases to regard Amir as his friend as his letter confirms.Kite RunnerHuman beings are morally ambiguous people. We are neither purely evil nor purely good, but often a mix. And maybe thats why many of us are attracted to literature full treatment with morally ambiguous characters such as The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. The Kite Runner was set in Kabul, Afghanistan, proceeds to United States during the Soviet Union invasion, and then the setting goes back to Kabul when the Taliban rises in power. In this novel, Amir, to whom the whole story of the book is centered around, is a morally ambiguous character.Amir is a Pashtun boy he betrays his friendship with Hassan, a Hazara son of Amirs fathers servant. Guilt haunts Amir for years even after he had left Kabul and moved to United States. Amir is a morally ambiguous character because hes a coward, hes selfish, he betrays his friend and lies, but he also finds courage to face what he had don e wrong and finds salvation. The first part of the book The Kite Runner proves how Amir is not a purely good character.Amir often hangs out with the Hazara boy, Hassan and would tell Hassan that they are friends, but he still feels hes above Hassan because Amir is Pashtun and Hazara people are considered below the Pashtun people. Amir wouldnt hang out with Hassan when other Pashtun boys are with him, he also mocks the fact that Hassan cant read, not considering the fact that Hassan doesnt have the opportunity to get an education. Amir couldnt stand Hassans intelligence Amir had written a story about how a mans tears turn into pearls when they fall into this magic cup, and the story ended with mans wife dead in his arms on a mountain pile of pearls.When Hassan heard the story, he had enjoyed it, but he also raised a few questions that angered Amir, Why did the man kill his wife? In fact, why did he ever have to be sad to shed tears? Couldnt he have just smelled an onion? (p. 34). Am ir was angry because a mere Hazara boy who couldnt read had taught Amir something he, an educated boy, didnt figure out. These few examples that show how Amir is mean and arrogant are nothing compared to what he does to Hassan later on.Assef is a Pashtun boy that truly hates Hazaras and believes that Hazaras should all disappear. When Amir catches Assef raping Hassan, instead of stepping in, Amir runs away and pretends nothing had happened. When guilt started eating Amir up and he couldnt stand facing Hassan because Hassan reminds him of his cowardly action, he pinned a crime of thievery on Hassan in order to have Hassan evicted from his house. The second part of the book shows that Amir isnt purely evil despite what he has done.For a while, Amirs life is filled with the guilt of not saving Hassan from the rape and it kept Amir from being completely happy, even though he found the love of his life in America and got married. Then one day, Amirs fathers friend, Rhahim, called him to give him a chance to redeem himself. Theres a way to be good again (p. 226). Amir did find a way to be good again. Amir went back to Afghan to find Hassans son, Sohrab, to take him with Amir because Hassan and his wife had been shot to death on the street by the Taliban.Amir finds Sohrab with Assef and ends up getting into a physical fight with Assef. Amir basically lets Assef beat him up and while being beat up, Amir feels relieved. My body was broken just how badly I wouldnt find out until later but I felt healed. Healed at last (p. 289). Amir felt that he was being healed from the guilt that has been crawling beneath his skin every single day. He had betrayed his one and only friend, Hassan, lied, and destroyed a chance where Hassan might have left to United States with him and would still be alive.Amir felt that he finally got what he deserved and he felt much better, he had found salvation. And he had afterwards taken in Sohrab as his own son. Amir had been a coward he had ma de selfish decisions and ruined Hassans live, but if he had been purely evil then he would not have felt guilt, nor would he have risked his life to bring back a mere Hazaras son. But he had been filled with guilt and he had gone to find Sohrab and redeemed himself. And thus, Amir is a perfect example of a morally ambiguous character.

Cultural Influences on Social Cognition and Behavior Essay

There was once a time when I met a Philippine family in the park. The most famous hospitality of Filipinos was showed to me. They have invited me to join them for snacks something that a typical American would not do even to fellow American. However, these pile became cozy to me even though they know that I am not among their own race. I was able to identify with them because I have experienced the real scent of having a family, something I am not seeing in most American families.With that encounter, they have thought me to also be concern with other people. to a greater extent than that, they have showed me that we can unite amid cultural differences and that we can trust people even at the first meeting and through that we can have connections. I found this influences to easy come to my senses and being because I have been observing families in my own community and I have not found anyone or family as hospitable as them. That is because I was able to identify with them.I was v ulnerable because it was my first time to experience such hospitability from other people who be in possession of different horti horticulture other than what I have been practicing. Americans have become very individualistic and have failed to show such culture to other people even in our own kind. I was able to process my thoughts and feelings in terms of dealing with other cultures because I have experienced another culture first hand, more than what I can read from books and periodicals.What I have experienced and learned through the encounter is definitely a positive influence. Because their culture has encouraged me to learn more about other cultures and practices of other people and they have helped me understand the differences of cultures. Reference Huitt, W. (2006). Social cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA Valdosta posit University. Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http//chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/soccog/soccog. html.

Islamization Under Zia Ul Haq Essay

When global Zia-ul-Haq took over as the Chief Martial Law Administrator on July 5, 1997, Islamization was given a new boost. General Zia-ul-Haq was a practicing Muslim who raised the slogan of Islam. The Moslem sentiment has always been fully alive in Pakistan. Various governances have used this to their benefit. There are stack who doubt Zias reasons for raising the Islamic Slogan whether it was for political purposes to antagonistic balance Bhuttos appeal or was it to enforce Islam in its true sense. In his first address to the nation, he declared that Islamic laws would be enforced and that earnest attention would be devoted towards establishing the Islamic society for which Pakistan has been pull ind. General Zia cherished to bring the legal, social, economic and political institutions of the soil in conformity with the Islamic principles, values and traditions in the light of Quran and Sunnah, to enable the people of Pakistan to lead their lives in accordance to Islam.On December 2, 1978, General Zia-ul-Haq delivered a nationwide address on the occasion of the first day of theHijra calendar. He did this in order to ostiarius in an Islamic system to Pakistan. In the speech, he accused politicians of exploiting the name of Islam, saying that many a ruler did what they pleased in the name of Islam. afterward assuming power and arresting former leader Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto on charges of murder, the task that the government was facing was how to gain legitimacy. Since the Islamist parties were already against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, they had the most influence on Zia-ul-Haqs government. It was announced the government would enforce Nizam-e-Mustafa (Islamic System), a 180 degree turn from Pakistans predominantly parliamentary law, as a preliminary measure to counter what he saw as a lack of true Islam in Pakistan. Sharing the ideology of the Wahabi sect, Zia advocated purging Islam of what he considered to be impurities and innovations. He wanted to create a hard line Sunni Islamist state.His reforms were popular with Hanafi and Shia sects who faced widespread discrimination and human rights abuses during his rule. Significant and systematic changes aimed at Islamizing the legal system were initiated in 1979 and carried emerge under General Zia-ul-Haq. This process not only introduced religious and gender biases in Pakistans laws but also brought about far-reaching institutional changes in the countrys judicial system. Zias Islamization drive was ardently supported by religious parties,particularly the Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), which emerged as ane of his regimes key coalition partners. JIs founder, Maulana Abul Ala Maududi, endorsed Zias Islamization efforts and described them as the renewal of the covenant among the government of Pakistan and Islam (Haqqani, 2005, p.139). In turn, Zias support and patronage of the JI allowed the party to gain a foothold in the government so much so that crucial ministries, such as the Ministry of In formation, were allocated to JI nominees.However, state sponsored Islamization intensified sectarian divisions between the Sunnis and the Shias 1 who opposed the application of the Hanafi fiqh in areas such as Zakat (Islamic tax) rather than Jafari fiqh, which they follow. The Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e- Jafari (INJF-Movement for the Establishment of the Shia Fiqh) was formed in 1979 and led Shia opposition to some of the measures instituted by Zia (Talbot, 2005). The Islamic conservativism and the Islamic state became Zias primary policy of his military government. Intensified Islamic Policies to radicalize the country had the West worried. The secular socialist orientation and socialist economics process was an attempt to upset to Pakistans order of operation on a routine life, as Zia maintained. General Zia rejected Bhuttos philosophy and was account to highly hostile of Bhuttos philosophical rationale, Food, Clothing, and Shelter. General Zia defended his policies in an interview in 1979 given to British journalist Ian Stephens, as he puts it.The rump of Pakistan was Islam. The basis of Pakistan was Muslims in the subcontinent are a separate culture. It was the Two-Nation Theory that carved out of the subcontinent as Pakistan. Mr. Bhuttos way of flourishing way of this Society was by eroding its moral fiber. Mr. Bhutto eroded the moral fiber of the society by pitching students against teachers, children against their parents, landlord against tenants, workers against mill owners. Pakistanis not incapable of economic productions. It is because Pakistanis have been made to believe that one can earn without working. We are going back to Islam not by choice but by the force of circumstances.It is not I or my government that is imposing Islam. It was the 99 percent of people wanted the street violence against Bhutto reflected the peoples desire of wanting just as the campaign for Pakistan Movement. I am just giving the people what they want. In 1983, Nusrat Bh utto reasoned General Zias policies as she puts it The (scream) and the horrors of 1971 war.are (still) alive and vivid in the police van and the minds of people of Pakistan. Therefore, General Zia insanely. used the Islam card.. to ensure the survival of his own regime The Government of Zia-ul-Haq took a number of stairs to eradicate non-Islamic practices from the country. He introduced the Zakat, Usher, Islamic Hadood and Penal code in the country.Prohibition OrderDrinking of wine (i.e. all alcoholic drinks) was not a crime at all under the Pakistan Penal Code. In 1977, however, the drinking and selling of wine by Muslims was banned in Pakistan and a sentence of imprisonment of six months or a picturesque of Rs. 5000/-, or both, was provided in that law. Under the Prohibition Order, these provisions of law were replaced by the punishment of eighty stripes, for which an ijma of the companions of Muhammad ever since the period of the Second Caliph Omar was cited. However, the law does not apply to non-Muslims, who can possess a license to drink and/or manufacture alcoholic beverages from the government.Prayer timingsInstructions were issued for regular observance of prayers and arrangements were made for acting noon prayer (Salat Al Zuhur) in government and quasi-government offices and educational institutions, during office hours, and official functions, and at airports, railway stations and bus stops Reverence for abstemiousness OrdinanceAn Ehtram-e-Ramazan (reverence for fasting) Ordinance was issued providing that complete sanctity be observed during the Islamic month of Ramazan, including the closure of cinema houses three hours after the Maghreb (post-sunset) prayers.Definition of MuslimBy amending the constitution, General Zia also provided the following definition of a Muslim and a non-Muslim * (a) Muslim means a person who believes in the unity and oneness of cleric Allah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophet hood of Muhammad, the last of the prophets, and does not believe in, or recognize as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed to be a prophet in any sense of the word or of any description, whatsoever, after Muhammad. * (b) Non-Muslim meansa person who is not a Muslim and includes a person belonging to the Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, or Parsi community, a person of the Qadiani Group or the Lahori Group i.e. Ahmadis or a person belonging to any of the scheduled castes. A Federal Shariah Court was established to decide cases according to the teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Appeals against the Lower and senior high Courts were to be presented before the Shariah Court for hearing. Blasphemy of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W.) would now be punishable by death instead of life imprisonment.Zia-ul-Haq selected his Majlis-i-Shoora in 1980. It was to be the Islamic Parliament and act as the Parliament of Pakistan in place of the National Assembly. Most of the members of the Shoora were intellectuals, scholars, ulema, journalists, economists and lords belonging to different fields of life. The Shoora was to act as a board of advisors for the President. A number of other Islamization programs were carried out including the teaching of Islamic Studies and Arabic, which were made compulsory. Pakistan Studies and Islamic Studies were made compulsorily for B. A., B. Sc., Engineering, M. B. B. S., Commerce, Law and Nursing students. For professional studies, extra marks were given to people who were Hafiz-e-Quran. General Zia-ul-Haq wanted to make Pakistan the citadel of Islam so that it could play an honorable and prominent role for the Islamic world.The steps taken by General Zia were in this direction and had a long-term impact the Zakat tax introduced by General Zia still holds and so does many of his the other laws. On the other hand Islamization was sometimes used as a political process. Zias interpretation of Islam may have contributed to the rise of fundamenta lism, obscurantism and retrogression. Since the death of General Zia in 1988, inconsistency and instability has prevailed in Pakistani laws. Instability means that the law is frequently changing or is under threat of change because of differences of whimsey among the ruling factions. Three of the most obvious inconsistencies in Zias Islamic law are * Those between legal norms and socially observed norms* Those between statutory legal norms and the norms applied in practice in the courts (e.g. Hadd is difficult to implement as confession, retraction of confession and strict standards of proof make it difficult to execute) *Those between different formal legal norms (e.g. non-compliance with the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance is compromised by the courts but is strictly punished under the Zina Ordinance). Another example of this contradiction is that the constitution assures women come to status on the one hand but, on the other hand, they are greatly discriminated in criminal law.htt p//www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008316story_16-3-2008_pg3_3 http//ijazulhaq.com/zia/biogrophy1.htmlhttp//www.rationalistinternational.net/Shaikh/blasphemy_laws_in_pakistan.htm

Drm Exma Ii

Chapter 6 1. Which of the pursual is a purpose of the SQL standard? A)To assert syntax and semantics of SQL information definition and manipulation B)To specify minimal and complete standards, which permit different degrees of adoption in products C)To define the entropy structures and basic operations for SQL selective informationbases D)All of the to a higher place act D take aim ModeratePage re reckoner 312 discipline The Role of SQL in a informationbase Architecture AACSB intake of info applied science 2. The benefits of a standardized relational language include A)application longevity. B)reduced training costs. C)cross-system communication.D)All of the above resolving power D train ModeratePage reviewer 313 takings The Role of SQL in a entropybase Architecture AACSB intention of discipline engineering 3. The _____ is the structure that contains descriptions of objects such as cards and views created by users. A)SQL B)schema C)catalog D)master view tell B take aim EasyPage ref 314 issuing The SQL Environment AACSB consumption of instruction applied science, analytical Skills 4. _____ is a set of commands employ to make a informationbase, which includes security. A)DML B)DDL C)DCL D)DPL termination C take aim EasyPage reviewer315 outcome The SQL Environment AACSB occasion of development engineering . _____ is a set of commands utilise to update and research a entropybase. A)DML B)DDL C)DCL D)DPL run A take EasyPage reader 315 field of study The SQL Environment AACSB usance of randomness engine room 6. DDL is typic onlyy used during which phases of the development process? A)Implementation B)Physical purport C)Analysis D)All of the above resoluteness B take DifficultPage ref 314, 315 melodic theme The SQL Environment AACSB usance of training engineering, Analytic Skills 7. The SQL command _____ defines a logical skirt from unmatched or to a greater extent dodges or views. A)create table B)alter table C)create view D)create relationship suffice C direct EasyPage referee319 melodic theme Defining A database in SQL Subtopic Generating SQL entropybase Definitions AACSB economic consumption of learning technology 8. Any create command whitethorn be reversed by using a ________ command. A)truncate B)drop C)delete D)unpack Answer B train EasyPage reader 319 publication Defining a informationbase in SQL Subtopic Generating SQL Database Definitions AACSB practice session of t each(prenominal)ing Technology, Analytic Skills 9. The first of any in a series of steps to follow when creating a table is to A)identify columns that moldiness be unique. B)identify separately attri entirelye and its characteristics. C)create an index.D)identify columns that must be null. Answer B level ModeratePage ref 319 yield Defining a Database in SQL Subtopic Creating Tables AACSB example of learning Technology, Analytic Skills 10. The SQL command _____ adds angiotensin-converting enzym e or more mod columns to a table. A)create table B)alter table C)create view D)create relationship Answer B direct EasyPage reader 323 outlet Defining a Database in SQL Subtopic Changing Table Definitions AACSB persona of reading Technology, Analytic Skills 11. What does the avocation SQL statement do? Alter Table Customer_T minimal brain dys use of goods and services (Type Varchar (2)) A)Alters the Customer_T table to accept Type 2 VarcharsB)Alters the Customer_T table to be a Type 2 Varchar C)Alters the Customer_T table, and adds a field c anyed Type D)Alters the Customer_T table by adding a 2-byte field called Varchar Answer C train ModeratePage reader 323 offspring Defining a Database in SQL Subtopic Changing Table Definitions AACSB enjoyment of Information Technology 12. What does the pastime SQL statement do? Delete from Customer_T where state = HI A)Deletes all records from node_t where the state is equal to HI B)Removes the customer_t table from the database C) Deletes all records from the customer_t table D) no(prenominal) of the aboveAnswer A Level ModeratePage ref 326 Topic Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data Subtopic Deleting Database Contents AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 13. What does the hobby SQL statement do? Update Product_T Set Unit_Price = 775 Where Product_ID = 7 A)Changes the price of a building block called Product_T to 7 B)Changes the unit price of Product 7 to 775 C)Changes the length of the Unit_Price field to 775 D)Updates the Product_T table to present a unit price of 775 Answer B Level ModeratePage referee 327 Topic Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data Subtopic Updating Database ContentsAACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 14. Which of the hobby is a technique for optimizing the internal performance of the relational data specimen? A)Avoiding indexes on secondary keys B)Clustering data C)Not reporting statistics to save machine resources D)victimization random index org anizations Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 327 Topic Internal dodging Definitions in RDBMSs AACSB Use of Information Technology 15. Indexes atomic number 18 created in most RDBMSs to A)provide a quicker way to broth data. B)decrease the amount of disk space utilized. C)provide fast random and sequential access to base-table data.D)increase the cost of implementation. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 328 Topic Internal Schema Definition in RDBMSs Subtopic Creating Indexes AACSB Use of Information Technology 16. In an SQL statement, which of the following differentiates states the conditions for row selection? A)Select B)From C)Where D)Group By Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 329 Topic impact adept Tables Subtopic Clauses of the make Statement AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 17. What does the following SQL statement do? Select * From Customer Where Cust_Type = BestA)Selects all the palm from the Customer table for each row with a customer labeled best B)Select s the * field from the Customer table for each row with a customer labeled best C)Selects fields with a * in them from the Customer table D)Selects all the fields from the Customer table for each row with a customer labeled * Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 329 Topic Processing maven Tables Subtopic Clauses of the SELECT Statement AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 18. What resultant will the following SQL statement put forward? Select Avg(standard_price) as average from product_vA)The average of all products in product_v B)The average standard_price of all products in product_v C)The average price of all products D)None of the above Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 331 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic using Expressions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 19. Which of the following questions is answered by the SQL statement? Select Count (Product_Description) from Product_T A)How many a(prenominal) products are in the Product Table? B)Ho w many products have product descriptions in the Product Table? C)How many characters are in the field hollo Product_Description?D)How many different columns named product Description are there in table Product_T? Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 331, 332 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Functions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 20. What results will be discoverd by the following SQL wonder? Select sum(standard_price) as total_price from product_v where product_ fictional character = WOOD A)The total price of all products that are of type wood B)The total price of all products C)The standard_price of the first wood product in the table D)The standard_price of any wood product in the table Answer A Level DifficultPage Ref 331Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Expressions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 21. Which of the following counts ONLY rows that contain a value? A)Count B)Count(*) C)Tally(*) D)Checknum Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 331,332 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Functions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 22. Which of the following will produce the minimum of all standard prices? A)Select standard_price from product_v where standard_price = min B)Select min(standard_price) from product_v C)Select standard_price from min(product_v)D)Select min(standard_price) from product_v where standard_price = min(standard_price) Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 331, 332 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Functions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 23. What will result from the following SQL Select statement? Select min(product_description) from product_v A)The minimum value of product_description will be displayed. B)An demerit message will be generated. C)The first product description alphabetically in product_v will be shown. D)None of the above. Answer C Level DifficultPage Ref 331, 332 Topic Processing Single TablesSubtopic Us ing Functions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 24. Which of the following is the wildcard operator in SQL statements? A) B) * C) = D) & Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 332, 333 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Wildcards AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 25. What result set will the following wonder return? Select item_no from order_v where quantity 10 A)The item_no of all orders that had more than 10 items B)The order_id of all orders that had more than one item C)The order_id of all orders that had more than 10 itemsD)The item_no of all orders that had 10 or more items Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 333 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Comparison Operators AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 26. Which of the following is authentic about the SQL statement? Select * From Product Where Quantity = 1 Or Quantity = 2 A)All fields will be selected from the Product table for products that have a quantity of 1 . B)All fields will be selected from the Product table for products that have a quantity of only 2. C)All fields will be selected from the Product table for products that have a quantity of 1 or 2.D)None of the above. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 333-336 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Boolean Operators AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 27. What result set will the following query return? Select item_no, description from item where weight 100 and weight 200 A)The item_no and description for all items weighing less than 100 B)The item_no for all items weighing between 101 and 199 C)The item_no and description for all items weighing between 101 and 199 D)The item_no for all items weighing more than 200 Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 336, 337Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Ranges for Qualification AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 28. To eliminate duplicate rows in a query, the _____ qualifier is used in the SQL Se lect command. A)alter B)distinct C)check D)specific Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 337, 338 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Using Distinct Values AACSB Use of Information Technology 29. What result set is returned from the following query? Select customer_name, telephone from customers where city in (Boston,New York,Denver) A)The customer_name and telephone of all customersB)The customer_name and telephone of all customers supporting in either Boston, New York or Denver C)The customer_name and telephone of all customers living in Boston and New York and Denver D)The customer_name of all customers living in Boston, New York or Denver Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 339 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic IN and NOT IN with Lists AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 30. To get all the customers from Hawaii sorted together, which of the following would be used? A)Order By B)Group By C)Having D)Sort Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 339, 340 Topic Processing Single T ablesSubtopic Sorting Results The ORDER BY Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 31. A single value returned from an SQL query that includes an aggregate function is called a(n) A)agate. B)scalar aggregate. C)vector aggregate. D)summation. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 340, 341 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Categorizing Results The GROUP BY Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 32. sextuple set returned from an SQL query that includes an aggregate function are called A)vector aggregates. B)scalar aggregates. C)agates. D)summations. Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 340, 341Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Categorizing Results The GROUP BY Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 33. Which of the following terminate produce scalar and vector aggregates? A)Order By B)Group By C)Having D)Sort Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 340, 341 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Categorizing Results The GROUP BY Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 34. What will be returned when the following SQL statement is executed? Select driver_no,count(*) as num_deliveries from deliveries group by driver_no A)A listing of all drivers, sorted by driver frameB)A listing of each driver as swell as the number of deliveries that he or she has make C)A count of all of the deliveries made by all drivers D)None of the above Answer B Difficulty DifficultPage Ref 340, 341 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Categorizing Results The GROUP BY Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 35. What will be returned when the following SQL statement is executed? Select driver_no, count(*) as num_deliveries from deliveries where state = MA group by driver_no A)A listing of all drivers who made deliveries to state = MA, sorted by driver number.B)A listing of each driver who made deliveries to state = MA as well as the number of deliveries that each driver has made to that state. C)A count of all of the deliveries made to state = MA by all drivers. D)None of the above. Answer B Difficulty DifficultPage Ref 340, 341 Topic Processing Single Tables Subtopic Categorizing Results The GROUP BY Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 36. Which of the following finds all groups meeting verbalise conditions? A)Select B)Where C)Having D)Find Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 341, 342 Topic Processing Single TablesSubtopic Qualifying Results by Categories The HAVING Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology 37. What will be returned when the following SQL query is executed? Select driver_no, count(*) as num_deliveries from deliveries group by driver_no having count(*) 2 A)A listing of all drivers who made more than 2 deliveries as well as a count of the number of deliveries B)A listing of all drivers C)A listing of the number of deliveries greater than 2 D)A listing of all drivers who made more than 2 deliveries Answer A Level DifficultPage Ref 341, 342 T opic Processing Single TablesSubtopic Qualifying Results by Categories The HAVING Clause AACSB Use of Information Technology 38. Which of the following is square(a) of the order in which SQL statements are evaluated? A)The select clause is always processed first. B)The select clause is always processed last. C)The select clause is processed in advance the order by clause. D)The group by clause is processed before the where clause. Answer C Level DifficultPage Ref 329 Topic Processing Single Tables AACSB Use of Information Technology 39. A _______________ view is materialized when referenced. A)virtual B)dynamic C)materialized D)base Answer BLevel ModeratePage Ref 342 Topic Using and Defining Views AACSB Use of Information Technology 40. A view may not be updated directly iF it contains A)the distinct keyword. B)derived columns and expressions in the select clause. C)uses the group by or having clause. D)all of the above. Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 345 Topic Using and Defining Vie ws AACSB Use of Information Technology Chapter 7 1. A marrow operation A) brings together data from two different fields. B) causes two tables with a putting green domain to be combined into a single table or view. C) causes two disparate tables to be combined into a single table or view.D) is used to combine indexing operations. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 358 Topic Processing quaternate Tables AACSB Use of Information Technology 2. A join in which the joining condition is based on equality between values in the common columns is called a(n) E) equi-join. F) uni-lateral join. G) natural join. H) both A and C. Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 358 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Equi-join AACSB Use of Information Technology 3. A join that is based upon equality between values in two common columns with the same name and where one duplicate column has been re move is called a(n) I) equi-join.J) natural join. K) multivariate join. L) inner join. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 360 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Natural Join AACSB Use of Information Technology 4. The most commonly used form of join operation is the M) outside join. N) union join. O) equi-join. P) natural join. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 360 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Natural Join AACSB Use of Information Technology 5. A join in which rows that do not have matching values in common columns are still included in the result table is called a(n) Q) natural join. R) equi-join. S) outer join. T) union join. Answer CLevel EasyPage Ref 361 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Outer Join AACSB Use of Information Technology 6. In which of the following situations would one have to use an outer join in order to obtain the desired results? U) A report is desired that lists all customers who set an order. V) A report is desired that lists all customers and the total of their orders. W) A report is desired that lists all customers, the total of their orders during the m ost recent month, and includes customers who did not place an order during the month (their total will be zero). X) There is never a situation that requires only an outer join.Answer C Level DifficultPage Ref 361,362 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Outer Join AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 7. One major advantage of the outer join is that Y) information is easily accessible. Z) information is not lost. ) the query is easier to write. ) All of the above. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 362 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Outer Join AACSB Use of Information Technology 8. A type of join implemented in SQL-1999 and by extension SQL-2003 that returns all of the data from each table that is joined is called a(n) ) outer join. ) inner join. ) union join. ) intersect join. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 362 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Union Join AACSB Use of Information Technology 9. A type of query that is placed within a WHERE or HA VING clause of another query is called a a) master query. b) subquery. c) superquery. d) multi-query. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 340 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Subqueries AACSB Use of Information Technology 10. _________ takes a value of true(p) if a subquery returns an intermediate results table which contains one or more rows. e) In f) Having g) Exists h) Extents Answer CLevel ModeratePage Ref 367 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Subqueries AACSB Use of Information Technology 11. In SQL, a _____________ subquery is a type of subquery in which affect the inner query depends on data from the outer query. i) correlated j) paired k) natural l) inner Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 368 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Correlated Subqueries AACSB Use of Information Technology 12. A ______________ ____________ is a temporary table used in the FROM clause of an SQL query. m) correlated subquery n) derived table o) view table p) None of the above. Answer BLevel ModeratePage Ref 369 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Using Derived Tables AACSB Use of Information Technology 13. The UNION clause is used to q) combine the output from multiple queries into a single result table. r) join two tables together to form one table. s) find all rows that do not match in two tables. t) None of the above. Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 369 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Combining Queries AACSB Use of Information Technology 14. In order for two queries to be UNION-compatible, they must u) both have the same number of lines in their SQL statements. ) both output compatible data types for each column and return the same number of rows. w) both return at least one row. x) All of the above. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 369 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Combining Queries AACSB Use of Information Technology 15. Establishing IF-THEN-ELSE logical processing within an SQL statement can be accomplished by y) using the if-then-e lse construct. z) using the immediate if statement. ) using the slip of paper keyword in a statement. ) using a subquery. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 372 Topic Processing Multiple Tables Subtopic Conditional ExpressionsAACSB Use of Information Technology 16. Explicit commands to manage traffics are needed when ) a transaction consists of just one SQL command. ) multiple SQL commands must be run as part of a transaction. ) autocommit is set to off. ) None of the above. Answer B Level DifficultPage Ref 377 Topic Ensuring Transaction legality AACSB Use of Information Technology 17. User-defined transactions can improve system performance because ) transactions are processed as sets, reducing system overhead. ) transactions are mapped to SQL statements. ) speed is improved due to query optimization. ) All of the above.Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 377 Topic Ensuring Transaction Integrity AACSB Use of Information Technology 18. An interactive command that can be used to dynamica lly control a user session for appropriate integrity measures is ) rollback. ) rollforward. ) set autocommit. ) expunge. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 377 Topic Ensuring Transaction Integrity AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 19. If the DBA wishes to describe all tables in the database, which data dictionary view should be accessed in Oracle? ) dba_tab_privs ) dba_tab_comments ) dba_table_label ) dba_tables Answer DLevel ModeratePage Ref 378 Topic Data Dictionary Facilities AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 20. What results would the following SQL statement produce? select owner, table_name from dba_tables where table_name = CUSTOMER ) A listing of all customers in the customer table ) A listing of the owner of the customer table ) A listing of the owner of the customer table as well as customers ) An error message Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 379 Topic Data Dictionary Facilities AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 21. User -defined data types ) can be a subclass of a standard type. can behave as an object. ) can have defined functions and methods. ) can have all of the above. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 380 Topic SQL 200n Enhancements and Extensions to SQL AACSB Use of Information Technology 22. A new set of analytical functions added in SQL200n are referred to as ) OLAF Functions ) MOLAP Functions ) Average Functions ) OLAP Functions Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 380 Topic SQL 200n Enhancements and Extensions to SQL Subtopic Analytical Functions AACSB Use of Information Technology 23. RANK and DENSE-RANK are examples of ) Ceilings ) Door Functions ) Window Functions ) Moving FunctionsAnswer C Level ModeratePage Ref 380 Topic SQL 200n Enhancements and Extensions to SQL Subtopic Analytical Functions AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 24. All of the following are new data types added in SQL200n EXCEPT ) BIGINT ) BIT ) MULTISET ) XML Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 381 Topic SQL 2 003 Enhancements and Extensions to SQL Subtopic New Data Types AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 25. The MERGE command ) Allows one to combine the INSERT and UPDATE operations ) Allows one to combine the INSERT and DELETE operations ) Joins 2 tables together None of the above. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 382 Topic SQL 200n Enhancements and Extensions to SQL Subtopic Other Enhancements AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 26. Extensions defined in SQL-99 that include the power to create and drop modules of code stored in the database schema across user sessions are called ) stored procedures. ) Persistent Stored Modules. ) fall down control modules. ) None of the above. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 383 Topic SQL 200n Enhancements and Extensions to SQL Subtopic Programming Extensions AACSB Use of Information Technology 27.A named set of SQL statements that are considered when a data modification occurs are called ) stored procedures. ) treat ments. ) triggers. ) trapdoors. Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 384 Topic Triggers and Routines AACSB Use of Information Technology 28. While triggers run automatically, ______________ do not and have to be called. ) trapdoors ) routines ) selects ) updates Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 386 Topic Triggers and Routines AACSB Use of Information Technology 29. SQL-invoked routines can be ) procedures. ) functions. ) All of the above. ) None of the above. Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 386Topic Triggers and Routines Subtopic Routines AACSB Use of Information Technology 30. All of the following are advantages of SQL-invoked routines EXCEPT ) flexibility. ) efficiency. ) sharability. ) security. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 387 Topic Triggers and Routines Subtopic Routines AACSB Use of Information Technology 31. A procedure is ) stored within the database. ) given a unique name. ) called by name. ) All of the above. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 387, 388 Topic Triggers and Routines Subtop ic Routines AACSB Use of Information Technology 32. Embedded SQL consists of hard-coded SQL statements included in a program written in another language. ) SQL encapsulated inside of other SQL statements. ) SQL written into a front-end application. ) SQL translated to a lower-level language. Answer A and C are both plausible answers. Level EasyPage Ref 389 Topic Embedded SQL and Dynamic SQL AACSB Use of Information Technology 33. In order to embed SQL inside of another language, the ________ _______ statement must be placed before the SQL in the host language. ) GET SQL ) EXEC SQL ) RUN SQL ) SQL SQL Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 390 Topic Embedded SQL and Dynamic SQLAACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 34. Dynamic SQL ) is used to generate appropriate SQL code on the fly, as an application is processing. ) is quite volatile. ) is not used widely on the Internet. ) creates a less flexible application. Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 390 Topic Embedded SQL and Dynamic S QL AACSB Use of Information Technology 35. On-line transaction processing is ) A system used for reporting only. ) A system used in transaction-oriented applications that involves real-time processing of SQL transactions. ) A set of tools that provides users with a graphical view of data. ) None of the above.Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 391 Topic OLAP SQL AACSB Use of Information Technology 36. OLAP systems differ from OLTP systems in several ways except ) Size ) Processing ) Queries ) Physical Storage Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 392 Topic OLAP SQL AACSB Use of Information Technology Chapter 8 1. Which of the following have affected the way businesses use computing systems to meet the demand of the competitive marketplace? A)GUI evolutions B)Networking advances C)Communication changes D)All of the above. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 403 Topic Introduction AACSB Use of Information Technology 2.Which of the following is a component of processing logic? A)Input B)Output C)Retrieval D )Business rules Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 404 Topic Client/ legion Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 3. A device that manages file operations and is shared by each lymph gland PC on a LAN is called a A)file horde. B)file processor. C)database server. D)fat client. Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 405 Topic Client/ legion Architectures Subtopic shoot legion Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 4. In a file server architecture, which of the following is performed by a client? A)Provides significant LAN avocationB)File storage C)User interface processing D)All of the above. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 404 Topic Client/ emcee Architectures Subtopic File Server Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 5. Which of the following is true about file servers on a LAN? A)Each client must devote memory to a full version of its DBMS. B)Not much data drift is generated. C)The DBMS imitation has little responsibility. D)Application programmers need li ttle knowledge about DBMSs. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 406 Topic Client/Server Architectures Subtopic File Server Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology . Which of the following is NOT a limitation to using file servers on local area networks? A)Considerable data exertion is generated across the network. B)Each client workstation must devote memory to a full version of the DBMS. C)Stored procedures can be run on the file server. D)The DBMS copy in each workstation must manage the shared database integrity. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 405, 406 Topic Client/Server Architectures Subtopic File Server Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 7. A(n) _____ is a module of code written in SQL or some proprietary language to run business rules on a server.A)SQL program B)select module C)select procedure D)stored procedure Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 407 Topic Client/Server Architectures Subtopic Database Server Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 8 . Which of the following is an advantage of stored procedures? A)Data integrity improves when fewer applications access the procedure. B)The layers get cleaner. C)Stored procedures result in fatter clients. D)Performance improves for compiled SQL statements. Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 407 Topic Client/Server Architectures Subtopic Database Server Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 9.Which of the following is not a disadvantage of stored procedures? A)Writing stored procedures takes more time than writing an application in Visual primary or PowerBuilder. B)Decreases in network traffic are realized. C)Stored procedures are proprietary and not easy to move from one RDBMS to another. D)Each client must be steadfast with the application to be used at that location. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 407 Topic Client/Server Architectures Subtopic Database Server Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 10. A PC configured to handle user interface with little or no local storage is called a A)server.B)fat client. C)thin client. D)workstation. Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 409 Topic Three-Tier Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 11. Which of the following is true about three-tier architectures? A)Less scalable than two-tier B)Increased risk C)More technological flexibility D)All of the above Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 409 Topic Three-Tier Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 12. _____ is the process of assigning pieces of application code to clients or servers. A)Application partitioning B)Modularizing programs C)Code distribution D)Program breakup Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 410Topic Partitioning an Application AACSB Use of Information Technology 13. Which of the following is not a common distribution logic for two-tiered server environments A)Fat Client B)Tall Client C)Thin Client D)Distributed Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 411 Topic Partitioning an Application AACSB Use of Information Technology 14. Which of t he following is true of mainframes in the client/server environment? A)Managers have a difficult time moving between platforms. B)Supporting distributed environments is easier than mainframe support. C)Migrating from mainframes to client/server is a comparatively simple process.D)All of the above. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 412 Topic Role of the Mainframe AACSB Use of Information Technology 15. Moving mission critical applications to client/server environments is likely to cause serious problems in the transition from the pilot phase to production unless A)Developers rewrite all code for the system. B)Brand new hardware is purchased. C)Developers tarry scalability issues and address them as they develop code D)None of the above. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 412 Topic Role of the Mainframe AACSB Use of Information Technology 16. ____ is any of several classes of software that allow an application to interoperate with other software without requiring the user to understand al l software involved. A)User interface enhancers B)Middleware C)Interface managers D)MPP Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 413 Topic Using Middleware AACSB Use of Information Technology 17. Which of the following does not charge applications to databases over networks? A)Asynchronous RPC middleware B)Synchronous RPC middleware C)SQL-oriented middleware D)SMP Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 414 Topic Using Middleware AACSB Use of Information Technology 18.Which of the following could send and receive email, man the client works on other things? A)ORBs middleware B)Synchronous RPC middleware C)SQL-oriented middleware D)MOM Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 414 Topic Using Middleware AACSB Use of Information Technology 19. Microsofts Transaction Server and IBMs CICS are examples of A)Asynchronous Remote Procedure Call (RPC) B)Synchronous RPC C)MOM D)ORB Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 414 Topic Using Middleware AACSB Use of Information Technology 20. ______________ makes it possible for appli cations to send objects and request services in an object-oriented system.A)MOM B)RPC C)ORB D)API Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 414 Topic Using Middleware AACSB Use of Information Technology 21. A(n) _____ is a set of application routines that programs use to direct the performance of procedures by the computers operating system. A)API B)MOM C)RPC D)LAN Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 414 Topic Using Middleware AACSB Use of Information Technology 22. Which of the following is true of moving to client/server environments? A)Functionality must be delivered all at once. B)There are no hidden costs. C)Services can be placed appropriately. D)None of the above. Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 416Topic Client/Server Issues AACSB Use of Information Technology 23. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of moving to client/server environments? A)Functionality can be delivered in stages to end users. B)Business process reengineering is facilitated. C)Network traffic and response times are increased . D)Users are encouraged to utilize the applications functionality. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 416, 417 Topic Client/Server Issues AACSB Use of Information Technology 24. The most common bottleneck in a client/server environment is the A)users B)software C)network D)company politics Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 416Topic Client/Server Issues AACSB Use of Information Technology 25. In order to establish client/server security A)Network security must be established B)Biometric authentication must be used C)Server security must be established D)Both A and C Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 416 Topic Client/Server Issues AACSB Use of Information Technology 26. Multi-tier make sense if all of the following environments except A) More than 100 users B)High-volume transaction processing C)Workgroups D)Real-time processing Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 416 Topic Client/Server Issues AACSB Use of Information Technology 27.Which of the following is not a disceptation that must be spe cified in order to establish an ODBC connection? A)Specific ODBC driver needed B)Back-end server name to connect to C)JDK version D)Database name to connect to Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 417 Topic Using ODBC to tie-in External Tables Stores on a Database Server AACSB Use of Information Technology 28. Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of Level-2 API capabilities? A)Send and receive partial results B)Call a translation library C)Commit or rollback transactions D)Prepare and execute SQL statements Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 417Topic Using ODBC to Link External Tables Stores on a Database Server AACSB Use of Information Technology 29. An application programming interface that enables an application program to process RDBMS databases meets the A)object linking and embedding standard. B)open database connectivity standard. C)multi-platform connectivity standard. D)open source standard. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 417 Topic Using ODBC to Link External Tables Stores on a Database Server AACSB Use of Information Technology 30. Which of the following parameters must be defined in order to establish an ODBC connection? A)ODBC driver B)Back-end server nameC)Database name to connect to D)All of the above Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 417 Topic Using ODBC to Link External Tables Stores on a Database Server AACSB Use of Information Technology. Analytic Skills 31. The ability to call a translation library is a distinguishing characteristic of A)Core-API ODBC conformance. B)Level-1 API ODBC conformance. C)Level-2 API ODBC conformance. D)Level-3 API ODBC conformance. Answer C Level DifficultPage Ref 418 Topic Using ODBC to Link External Tables Stores on a Database Server AACSB Use of Information Technology 32. JDBC is similar to ODBC EXCEPT A)ODBC is language breakaway and JDBC is not.B)ODBC can be used to execute SQL queries on a server while JDBC does not have this capability. C)ODBC can run on multiple platforms, while JDBC is platform speci fic. D)None of the above. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 385 Topic Using JDBC to Link External Tables Stored on a Database Server AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills Chapter 9 1. The synopsis of summarized data to support decision making is called A)operational processing. B)informational processing. C)artificial intelligence. D)data scrubbing. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 461 Topic Introduction AACSB Use of Information Technology 2.The characteristic that indicates that a data warehouse is organized around key high-ranking entities of the enterprise is A)subject-oriented. B)integrated. C)time-variant. D)nonvolatile. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 462 Topic Basic Concepts of Data Warehousing AACSB Use of Information Technology 3. When we consider data in the data warehouse to be time-variant, we mean A)that the time of storage varies. B)data in the warehouse contain a time dimension so that they may be used to study trends and changes. C)that there is a time dela y between when data are posted and when we report on the data. D)none of the above.Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 462 Topic Basic Concepts of Data Warehousing AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 4. Which of the following advances in information systems contributed to the emergence of data warehousing? A)Improvements in database technology, particularly the relational data model B)Advances in computer hardware, especially affordable mass storage and parallel computer architectures C)Advances in middleware products that enabled enterprise database connectivity across compound platforms D)All of the above Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 463 Topic Basic Concepts of Data WarehousingSubtopic A Brief History AACSB Use of Information Technology 5. Which of the following factors drive the need for data warehousing? A)Businesses need an integrated view of company information. B)Informational data must be kept together with operational data. C)Data warehouses mainly have b etter security. D)None of the above Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 463 Topic Basic Concepts of Data Warehousing Subtopic The Need for Data Warehousing AACSB Use of Information Technology 6. Which of the following organizational trends does not encourage the need for data warehousing? A)Multiple, nonsynchronized systemsB)Focus on customer relationship management C)Downsizing D)Focus on provider relationship management Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 463464 Topic Basic Concepts of Data Warehousing Subtopic Need for a Companywide View AACSB Use of Information Technology 7. Informational systems are designed for all of the following EXCEPT A)running a business in real time. B)supporting decision making. C)complex queries. D)data mining. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 466 Topic Basic Concepts of Data Warehousing Subtopic Need to Separate Operational and Informational Systems AACSB Use of Information Technology 8.Operational and informational systems are generally separated because of w hich of the following factors? A)A data warehouse centralizes data that are scattered throughout disparate operational systems and makes them readily available for decision support applications. B)A properly designed data warehouse adds value to data by improving their quality and consistency. C)A separate data warehouse eliminates contention for resources that results when informational applications are confounded with operational processing. D)All of the above Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 466 Topic Basic Concepts of Data WarehousingSubtopic Need to Separate Operational and Informational Systems AACSB Use of Information Technology 9. A data mart is a(n) A)enterprisewide data warehouse. B)smaller system built upon file processing technology. C)data warehouse that is limited in scope. D)generic on-line shopping site. Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 469 Topic Data store Architectures Subtopic Independent Data Mart Data Warehousing Environment AACSB Use of Information Technology 10. On e characteristic of independent data marts is complexness for end users when they need to access data in separate data marts.This complexity is caused by not only having to access data from separate databases, but also from A)the possibility of a new generation of inconsistent data systems, the data marts themselves. B)lack of user training. C)denormalized data. D)incongruent data formats. Answer A Level DifficultPage Ref 469 Topic Data Warehouse Architectures Subtopic Independent Data Mart Data Warehousing Environment AACSB Use of Information Technology 11. All of the following are limitations of the independent data mart EXCEPT A)separate extraction, transformation, and loading processes are developed for each data mart.B)data marts may not be consistent with one another. C)there is no capability to drill down into greater detail in other data marts. D)it is often more expedient to build a data mart than a data warehouse. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 469 Topic Data Warehouse Ar chitectures Subtopic Independent Data Mart Data Warehousing Environment AACSB Use of Information Technology, Reflective Thinking 12. A dependent data mart A)is filled with data extracted directly from the operational system. B)is filled exclusively from the enterprise data warehouse with reconciled data.C)is dependent upon an operational system. D)participates in a relationship with an entity. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 470 Topic Data Warehouse Architectures Subtopic mutualist Data Mart and Operational Data Store Architecture A Three-Level Approach AACSB Use of Information Technology 13. An operational data store (ODS) is a(n) A)place to store all unreconciled data. B)representation of the operational data. C)integrated, subject-oriented, updateable, current-valued, detailed database designed to serve the decision support needs of operational users.D)small-scale data mart. Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 471 Topic Data Warehouse Architectures Subtopic Dependent Data Mart and Opera tional Data Store Architecture A Three-Level Approach AACSB Use of Information Technology 14. A logical data mart is a(n) A)data mart consisting of only logical data. B)data mart created by a relational view of a slightly denormalized data warehouse. C)integrated, subject-oriented, detailed database designed to serve operational users. D)centralized, integrated data warehouse. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 472 Topic Data Warehouse ArchitecturesSubtopic Logical Data Mart and Real-Time Data Warehouse Architecture AACSB Use of Information Technology 15. All of the following are unique characteristics of a logical data mart EXCEPT A)logical data marts are not physically separate databases, but rather a relational view of a data warehouse. B)the data mart is always up-to-date since data in a view is created when the view is referenced. C)the process of creating a logical data mart is lengthy. D)data are moved into the data warehouse rather than a separate staging area. Answer C Level E asyPage Ref 472 Topic Data Warehouse ArchitecturesSubtopic Logical Data Mart and Real-Time Data Warehouse Architecture AACSB Use of Information Technology 16. The real-time data warehouse is characterized by which of the following? A)It accepts near-real time feeds of transaction data. B)Data are immediately transformed and loaded into the warehouse. C)It provides near-real-time access for the transaction processing systems to an enterprise data warehouse. D)All of the above Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 473-474 Topic Data Warehouse Architectures Subtopic Logical Data Mart and Real-Time Data Warehouse Architecture AACSB Use of Information Technology 7. Data that are detailed, current, and intend to be the single, authoritative source of all decision support applications are called _____ data. A)reconciled B)subject C)derived D)detailed Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 475 Topic Data Warehouse Architectures Subtopic Three-bed Data Architectures AACSB Use of Information Technology 18. A data base action that results from a transaction is called a(n) A)transition. B)event. C)log entry. D)journal happening. Answer B Level EasyPage Ref 476 Topic Some Characteristics of Data Warehouse Data Subtopic Status Versus Event DataAACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills 19. Data that are never physically altered once they are added to the store are called _____ data. A)transient B)override C)periodic D)complete Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 477 Topic Some Characteristics of Data Warehouse Data Subtopic Transient Versus Periodic Data AACSB Use of Information Technology 20. Which of the following is an objective of derived data? A)Ease of use for decision support systems B)Faster response time for user queries C)Support data mining applications D)All of the above Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 481Topic The Derived Data Layer Subtopic Characteristics of Derived Data AACSB Use of Information Technology 21. .A star schema contains both fact and _______ tables. A)narrative B)cross functional C)dimension D)starter Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 481 Topic The Derived Data Layer Subtopic The Star Schema AACSB Use of Information Technology 22. The level of detail in a fact table determined by the intersection of all the components of the primary key, including all foreign keys and any other primary key elements, is called the A)span. B)grain. C)selection. D)aggregation. Answer BLevel EasyPage Ref 485 Topic The Derived Data Layer Subtopic The Star Schema AACSB Use of Information Technology 23. Conformed dimensions allow users to do the following A)share nonkey dimension data. B)query across fact tables with consistency. C)work on facts and business subjects for which all users have the same meaning. D)all of the above. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 488-489 Topic The Derived Data Layer Subtopic The Star Schema AACSB Use of Information Technology 24. An spread out version of a star schema in which all of the tables are fully normalized is called a(n) A)snowflak e schema.B)operational schema. C)DSS schema. D)complete schema. Answer A Level EasyPage Ref 492 Topic The Derived Data Layer Subtopic The Star Schema AACSB Use of Information Technology 25. All of the following are ways to handle changing dimensions EXCEPT A)overwrite the current value with the new value. B)for each dimension attribute that changes, create a current value field and as many old value fields as we wish. C)create a new dimension table row each time the dimension object changes. D)create a snowflake schema. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 494 Topic The Derived Data LayerSubtopic The Star Schema AACSB Use of Information Technology 26. The use of a set of graphical tools that provides users with multidimensional views of their data is called A)on-line geometrical processing (OGP). B)drill-down analysis. C)on-line analytical processing (OLAP). D)on-line datacube processing (ODP). Answer C Level EasyPage Ref 500 Topic The User Interface Subtopic on-line Analytical Processin g (OLAP) Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 27. OLAP tools that use the database as a traditional relational database are called A)ROLAP tools. B)MOLAP tools. C)slice and dice.D)none of the above. Answer A Level ModeratePage Ref 500-501 Topic The User Interface Subtopic On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 28. Rotating the view of a multidimensional database for a particular data point is called data A)cubing. B)drill-down. C)dicing. D)pivoting. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 501 Topic The User Interface Subtopic On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 29. Going from a summary view to progressively lower levels of detail is called data A)cubing. B)drill-down. C)dicing.D)pivoting. Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 502 Topic The User Interface Subtopic On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 30. Which of the following data mining techniques identifies clusters of observations with similar characteristics? A)Case reasoning B)Rule discovery C)Clustering and signal processing D)Neural nets Answer C Level ModeratePage Ref 506 Topic The User Interface Subtopic Data-Mining Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 31. Which of the following data-mining techniques searches for patterns and correlations in large data sets?A)Case reasoning B)Rule discovery C)Signal processing D)Neural nets Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 506 Topic The User Interface Subtopic Data-Mining Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 32. Which of the following data mining applications identifies customers for promotional activity? A)Population profiling B)Target marketing C)Usage analysis D)Product affinity Answer B Level ModeratePage Ref 506 Topic The User Interface Subtopic Data-Mining Tools AACSB Use of Information Technology 33. Which of the following is true of data visualisation?A)It is easier to observe trends and patterns in data. B)Correlations and clusters in data can be easily identified. C)It is often used in conjunction with data mining. D)All of the above. Answer D Level ModeratePage Ref 503 Topic The User Interface Subtopic Data Visualization AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills Chapter 10 1. High quality data are data that are A) Accurate B)Consistent C)Available in a timely fashion D)All of the above Answer D Level EasyPage Ref 524 Topic Managing Quality Data AACSB Use of Information Technology, Analytic Skills